Telangana Board Class 10 Science Syllabus 2025-26 – Free PDF Download

Unit

Sub - Topics

1. Reflection of light at a curved surface

• Normal to the curved surface

• Spherical mirrors, convex and concave mirrors

• Pole, Focus, Centre of curvature, principal axis, Radius of curvature, Focal length

• The formula for spherical mirrors – sign convention

• Application of reflection – Solar Cooker, etc.

2. Chemical Equations

• Some daily life examples of chemical reactions.

• Chemical equations – writing chemical equations, skeletal chemical equations, balancing chemical equations

• Writing symbols of physical states, Heat changes, gas evolved and the precipitate formed

• Interpreting a balanced chemical equation

3. Acids, Bases and Salts

• Chemical properties of acids & bases

• What do acids have in common? What do bases have in common?

• Do Acids produce Ions only in an Aqueous Solution?

• Reaction of Acid, Base with water

• Strength of Acid or Base – pH scale

• Importance of pH in everyday life

• Salts

• Chemicals from common salt

4. Refraction of light at a curved surface

• Refraction of light at a curved surface

• Lenses

• Rules for Ray diagram

• Images formed by the lenses

• Formula derived for thin lenses

• The focal length of the lens depends on the surrounding medium

• Lens maker formula

5. Human eye and colourful world

• Least distance of distinct vision, Angle of vision

• Structure of human Eye – Focal length of human Eye lens, accommodation

• Common accommodation defects of vision – Myopia, Hypermetropia, presbyopia

• Prism

• Scattering of light

6. Structure of atom

• Spectrum

• Electromagnetic Spectrum

• Bohr’s model of a Hydrogen atom and its limitations

• Quantum mechanical model of an Atom

• Electronic Configuration of elements in their atoms

• nl rule, Energies of electronic energy levels (n+l) rule; Aufbau Principle, Pauli’s principle, Hund’s Rule of maximum multiplicity, Stable configurations

7. Classification of Elements – The Periodic Table

• Need for the arrangement of elements in an organized manner

• Doberieners Triads – Limitations

• Newland’s law of Octaves

• Mendeleev’s Periodic Table (Periodic law, Achievements & Limitations)

• Modern Periodic Table.

8. Chemical Bonding

• Chemical bond definition (brief explanation)

• Electronic Theory of Valence by Lewis and Kossel

• Ionic and Covalent bonds: examples with Lewis Dot formulae

• The arrangement of Ions in Ionic compounds

• Factors affecting the formation of cations and anion

• Shapes, bond lengths and bond energies in molecules

• Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory

• Valence bond theory

• Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

9. Electric Current

• Electric current

• Potential difference

• How a battery or a cell works

• Ohms law and its limitations, resistance, specific resistance, factors influencing resistance, electric shock

• Electric Circuits

• Electric power

• Safety fuses

10. Electromagnetism

• Oersted Experiment

• Magnetic field – field lines

• Magnetic field due to currents

• Magnetic force on moving charge and current carrying wire

• Electric motor

• Electromagnetic induction – Faraday’s law (including magnetic flux) – Lenz law

• Generators and Alternating – Direct Currents

11. Principles of Metallurgy

• Occurrence of Metals in Nature

• Extraction of metals from the Ores – activity series and related metallurgy, flow chart of steps involved in the extraction of metals from ore.

• Corrosion – Prevention of Corrosion

• Important Processes used in metallurgy

• Flux

• Furnace

12. Carbon and its compounds

• Introduction of Carbon compounds

• Promotion of an Electron – Bonding in Carbon including Hybridization

• Allotropes of Carbon

• Versatile nature of carbon

• Hydrocarbons

• Bonding of carbon with other elements

• Isomerism

• Homologous series

• Nomenclature of carbon compounds

• Chemical properties of carbon compounds

• Important carbon compounds

• Esterification reactions

• Soaps – Saponification, Micelles

1. Nutrition

• Life Process- Introduction

• Photosynthesis

• Nutrition in organisms

• Digestion in human beings

• Healthy points about oesophagus

• Malnutrition

2. Respiration

• Respiration – discovery of gases involved in respiration

• Respiratory system in human being

• Cellular respiration

• Respiration – Combustion

• Evolution of gaseous exchange

• Plant respiration

3. Transportation

• The internal structure of Heart

• Cardiac cycle

• Lymphatic system

• Evolution of the transport system

• Blood pressure

• Blood clotting

• Transportation in plants

4. Excretion

• Excretion in Human beings

• Excretory system

• Structure of Nephron

• Formation of urine

• Dialysis – Artificial kidney

• Accessory Excretory organs in human beings (Lungs, skin, liver large intestine)

• Excretion in other organisms

• Excretion in plants

• Excretion, Secretion

5. Coordination

• Stimulus and response

• Integrated system – Nerve coordination

• Nerve cell structure

• Pathways from stimulus to response

• Reflex arc

• Central nervous system

• Peripheral nervous system

• Coordination without nerves

• Autonomous nervous system

• Coordination in plants – Phytohormones

6. Reproduction

• Growth of bacteria in milk.

• Asexual reproduction

• Sexual reproduction

• Sexual reproduction in plants

• Cell division – Cell cycle

• Reproductive health – HIV/ AIDS

7. Coordination in Life Processes

• Hunger

• Relation between taste and smell

• Mouth – a mastication machine

• Passage of food through the oesophagus

• Stomach is mixer

8. Heredity and Evolution

• New Characters – variation

• Experiments conducted by Mendal (F1 generation, F2 generation), Mendel’s Laws

• Parents to offsprings

• Evolution

• Origin of species

• Evolution – Evidences

• Human Evolution

9. Our Environment

• Ecosystem – Food chain

• Human activities – Their effect on the ecosystem

• Biological pest control measures

10. Natural resources

• Case study – Agricultural land (past and present)

• Case study – Water management

• Water resources in the Telugu States

• Natural resources around us

• Forest Renewable resources

• Fossil fuels

• Conservation, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover