How Many Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum

Introduction

• There are two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum

• The Endoplasmic Reticulum, also known as the ER, is a large, dynamic structure that performs various functions in the cell, including calcium storage, protein synthesis, and lipid metabolism. Different domains made up of tubules, sheets, and the nuclear envelope each carry out a variety of ER tasks.

• In a cell, the ER is the most extensive organelle.

• The eukaryotic cell's transport system is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER).

• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough ER or RER) and smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) are the two forms of Endoplasmic Reticulum. Cells from both plants and animals contain both types.

• The two forms of ER frequently look distinct from one another, they are actually parts of the same organelle.

• RER is more prevalent in cells that specialise in manufacturing proteins.

• SER is more prevalent in cells that produce lipids (fats) and steroid hormones.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

• This large organelle is made up of flattish, sealed sacs that are next to the nuclear membrane and are highly convoluted.

• The Endoplasmic Reticulum is referred to as "rough" because ribosomes are present on its outer surface, which is the surface that comes into touch with the cytoplasm.

• These are firmly connected to the outer cytosolic side of the ER and are known as membrane-bound ribosomes.

• Rough ER is present in every part of the cell, but it is more prevalent close to the nucleus and the Golgi apparatus.

• Many proteins are constructed by "membrane-bound" ribosomes found on the rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

• Smooth ER forms an interconnected network sub-compartment of ER and is more tubular than rough ER.

• It is present throughout the cytoplasm in a reasonably uniform distribution.

• It is a "smooth" ER because it lacks ribosomes.

• Nearly all of Smooth ER's activities are focused on the production of lipids, as well as their metabolism and related products in some situations.

For instance, smooth ER in liver cells permits the conversion of glycogen stored as granules on its outside to glucose. The adrenal cortex and endocrine glands both produce steroid hormones as a result of smooth ER activity.

Difference between RER and SER

Conclusion

• Both eukaryotic animal and plant cells have the Endoplasmic Reticulum organelle.

• Rough ER and smooth ER, two connected sub-compartments, are how it

frequently manifests. Both forms consist of interconnecting, flattened tubes with

a membrane covering.

• The manufacture, folding, quality assurance, and shipment of some proteins occur in the rough ER, dotted with millions of membrane-bound ribosomes.

• The production of steroid hormones, lipid (fat) synthesis, and metabolism are all heavily correlated with smooth ER. It also serves as a detoxifier.