How Many Times Has a National Emergency Been Declared?

Introduction

Till now, India has proclaimed 3 National Emergency from 1962 – 1977. An emergency is a situation in which a government has the power to take measures that are not normally permitted to ensure the safety and security of its citizens. Governments may declare such conditions during natural disasters, civil unrest, armed conflict, medical pandemics or epidemics, or other biosecurity risks. It is the situation in the country resulting from the failure of the government system that requires immediate and drastic action by government officials so that appropriate measures can be taken promptly to address the situation in the country.

In emergencies, law enforcement has full authority from decision-making to the implementation of those decisions, allowing them to quickly rectify the situation as it arises. Concerned about these situations, constitutional authors passed several articles related to domestic emergencies.
These regulations are necessary for our country India to deal with all these situations and deal with these difficult situations properly.
While our country adopts a federal system of separation of powers between the central and the states, under the state of emergency India has adopted a unitary government with all powers of government vested in the central government.
This article explains the state of emergency, what it means, who can declare a state of emergency, and more.

A national emergency is a situation in which a citizen's basic rights are restricted and more freedom is taken away. Article 352 of the Indian Constitution provides for a state of emergency. Under Article 352 (Part 18) of the Constitution of India, the President shall declare a state of national emergency if he believes that war, foreign aggression, or armed insurgency threatens the security of India or any part of its territory. can be declared. India could be affected nationally or partially by this crisis. Under Section 352, the President may declare a state of emergency if he determines that a serious situation exists in which war, foreign aggression, or armed insurrection threaten national security. A state of emergency may be declared for all or part of the country of India. The president can declare a national emergency if he determines there is an imminent threat of war, foreign attack, or armed groups.

The President may only declare a state of emergency with the written consent of the Cabinet. The term "external emergency" refers to a national emergency declared by "war" or "foreign attack". An internal emergency is the term used when a national emergency is declared as a result of an "armed insurgency".

The number of times a National Emergency has been declared?

So far, India has declared three national emergencies between 1962 and 1977.

The first state of emergency was declared by President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan during the Indochina War (26 October 1962 – 10 January 1968). The second state of emergency was declared by President VV Giri during the Indo-Pakistani War (3 December 1971 to 21 March 1977).

These two states of emergency were imposed due to external attacks and war (25 June 1975 - 21 March 1977), but due to clashes between the judicial system and the Indian Legislative Assembly. , was imposed by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed. This period of national emergency, often called the darkest period in Indian political history, transformed the country's political system.

Many anti-parliamentary political leaders were imprisoned during this period, including generalists who were imprisoned. With the help and permission of President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, Indira Gandhi declared a national emergency at midnight on the 25th of June.

Impact of national Emergency on India

• Deprivation of Basic Civil Rights

• Prohibition of All Kinds of Media

• Exclusion of Certain Other Political Parties

• Political Revolution in the Country

In retrospect, it is said to be one of the most arbitrary powers exercised over the people by both the constitution and the government. The Constitution, the most sacred document of basic rights overturned most ruthlessly. Many places in India are a place where people form groups or talk about things that are not personal. One of the main tasks of the police and military was to prevent people from forming groups and to arrest those who appeared or acted suspiciously. No media outlet was allowed to publish the news without censorship. All these cases resulted in violations of specific fundamental rights and cases of pure human rights violations.