How Many Types of Simple Permanent Tissue

Introduction

Permanent Tissue in Plants

• The permanent tissues define as in a plant there are those tissues that contain nondividing cells and these cells are also modified to perform specific functions in the plants. The cells of this tissue are derived from the meristematic tissue.

• These tissue cells can also be fully differentiated. The cells are large and have definite shapes and sizes as there are intercellular spaces which are present in between the cells and large vacuoles are also present inside these cells. The metabolism that occurs in the cells of this tissue is fairly at a lower rate.

• The permanent tissue in plants helps in providing support, and protection in photosynthesis and the conduction of water, minerals, and nutrients. These tissue cells can be living or dead.

Types of Permanent Tissues

Permanent tissues are divided into two types. They are:

1. Simple permanent tissue - Simple permanent living tissue known as parenchyma is constructed of isodiametric cells with thin walls. They could have polygonal, circular, or oval shapes. Cellulose makes up the cell wall. Small intercellular gaps or densely packed cells can allow for the flow of gases.

2. Complex Permanent tissue - Complex permanent tissue is described as a group of cells with varying structural characteristics carrying out a single function or set of related functions. They are composed of a variety of cell types. They come in xylem and phloem varieties. The primary water-conducting tissue in plants is called xylem.

Main Content

Simple Permanent Tissues are simple. This tissue is made up of only one type of cell and all the cells which are made up of the tissue are similar and have the same structure and the same type of parts.

Simple permanent tissues are again divided into three main types. They are:

Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma.

1. Parenchyma

Parenchyma cells of this tissue are living, with thin cell walls. These cells can be oval in shape or round in shape. Parenchyma cells have a large central vacuole and a dense cytoplasm. This tissue is located in the soft parts of the plant like the cortex and pith. Which mainly acts as a packing tissue and also provides mechanical support. Parenchyma cells also help in the storage of food. Based on the specific functions, parenchyma can be further divided into two types. They are Aerenchyma and Chlorenchyma

2. Collenchyma

Collenchyma cells are living cells and have an elongated shape. The corners of the collenchyma cell wall are thickened and there is very little intercellular space present. This tissue can be located in the leaf stalks or below the epidermis etc. A collenchyma cell's main function is to provide flexibility to the plants with mechanical support.

3. Sclerenchyma

Sclerenchyma cells of the sclerenchyma tissue are dead. The sclerenchyma cell wall is very thick due to the deposition of lignin. The cells of this sclerenchyma cells tissue can be in different shapes and sizes and they are generally located in the leaf veins, and hard coverings of the seeds and can be found in the surrounding of the vascular bundle. The main function of the sclerenchyma cells tissue is to provide rigidity and mechanical support to the plant body which can also make the plant stiff and hard.