How Many Metals Metalloids and Nonmetals are There in the Third Period of the Periodic Table

Introduction

In the periodic table, metalloids distinguish between metals and nonmetals. Metal is the element to the left of the line. Metalloids are elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals and are on the right side of the line. Non-metals include oxygen, chlorine and argon. Boron, silicon and arsenic are all metalloids.

Metals

All elements except hydrogen, which lose electrons and form positive ions during chemical reactions, are called metals. Therefore, metals are electropositive elements with relatively low ionisation energies. They're distinguished by their brilliance, hardness, and capacity to resonate sound and are high-quality conductors of warmth and power. beneath everyday situations, all metals except mercury are solids.

Physical Properties of Metals

Metals are shiny, malleable, ductile, and conduct heat and electricity included:

• Condition: Metals are solid at room temperature, except for mercury, which is liquid at room temperature (gallium is liquid on a hot day).

• Lustre: Metals have the ability to reflect light from their surfaces and can be shiny like gold, silver and copper.

• Malleable: Metals have the ability to withstand hammer strikes and can be formed into thin sheets known as foils. For example, you can crush a sugar cube-sized piece of gold into a thin sheet that will cover a football field.

• Ductility: Metals can be attracted to wires. For example, 100 grams of silver can be drawn with a thin wire about 200 metres long.

• Hardness: All metals except sodium and potassium are hard and brittle and can be cut with a knife.

Nonmetals

Elements that tend to gain electrons through chemical reactions to form negative ions are called nonmetals. It is an electronegative element with a high ionisation energy. They are dull and brittle and do not conduct heat and electricity well (except for graphite).

Physical properties of nonmetals

• Physical state: Most nonmetals exist at room temperature in two of three states of matter: gaseous (oxygen) and solid (carbon).

• Non-combustible and ductile: Non-metals are very brittle and cannot be wound into wire or rolled into sheets.

• Conductivity: It is a negative conductor of heat and power.

• Lustre: Has no metallic lustre and does not reflect light.

• Melting and Boiling Points: The melting points of non-metals are generally lower than those of metals, but vary widely.

Metalloids

Metalloids are unique elements that possess characteristics of both metals and nonmetals. These elements, such as silicon and germanium, are commonly used in the semiconductor industry. They possess a distinct solid state at room temperature and can be alloyed with other metals. However, unlike metals, metalloids are not malleable or ductile and have a higher electrical conductivity than nonmetals. They possess a unique luster that is neither metallic nor nonmetallic. In terms of chemical properties, metalloids exhibit properties of both metals and nonmetals, with oxidation states that can vary between 5 and -2 depending on the group in question.

Conclusion

Number of metals, nonmetals and metalloids in the third period.

• Elements present in the third period are sodium, magnesium, aluminium, silicon, phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine.

• As you move from left to right in a given period, metallicity decreases and non-metallicity increases.

• So sodium, magnesium and aluminium are metals, phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine are non-metals and silicon is a metalloid.