How Many Laws Of Thermodynamics Are There?

There are 4 Laws of thermodynamics

The branch of physics known as thermodynamics examines the relationship between energy, radiation, and the physical characteristics of matter and how heat, work, and temperature are affected between a thermodynamic system and its surrounding. The first law of thermodynamics is the law of energy conservation. There are three categories of thermodynamic systems,

Open Systems: These systems freely exchange matter and energy with their environment. For instance, the fuel for the stove provides thermal energy to a pan of boiling water above it. The pan's radiating heat brings water to a boil, releasing matter and heat into the air as steam.

Closed systems: A closed system only exchanges energy with its environment, not matter. Consider what would happen if we covered the pan in the previous example with a lid. The pan will emit energy into the atmosphere but won't permit the steam to escape. Therefore no mass/matter will be exchanged with the environment.

Isolated systems: A system is isolated if it does not interchange energy or matter with its surroundings. For instance, if you pour hot water into a thermos bottle and seal the lid, it will be cut off from its environment and will function as an isolated system.

The following are the four laws of thermodynamics:

1. Zeroth law of thermodynamics

2. The first law of thermodynamics

3. The second law of thermodynamics

4. Third law of thermodynamics

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic equilibrium exists between two systems if they are in thermal equilibrium with a third system.

First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy cannot be generated or destroyed but can only be transformed from one form to another, sometimes referred to as the law of conservation of energy.

Second Law of Thermodynamics: This law states that the total entropy of the interacting thermodynamic systems never decreases. The fact is that heat does not spontaneously transfer from a colder body to a warmer body.

Third Law of Thermodynamics: As the temperature gets closer to zero degrees, a system's entropy stabilizes at that level. At absolute zero, the entropy of a system is often near zero, except for non-crystalline solids (glasses).

Examples:

• All refrigerators, deep freezers, commercial refrigeration systems, air conditioners, heat pumps, etc., are regulated by the law of thermodynamics.

• Various air and gas compressors, blowers, and fans use different thermodynamic cycles.

• Modern cars have advanced as a result of this law. Electrical energy is transformed into light energy by light bulbs (radiant energy).

• Zeroth law of thermodynamics:

Systems A and B are in thermal equilibrium with one other if system A is in thermal equilibrium with system C and system B is in thermal equilibrium with system C.

• The first law of thermodynamics:

Green plants use the process of photosynthesis, in which light energy is transformed into chemical energy, to produce their food.

• The second law of thermodynamics:

When we add an ice cube to a cup of room-temperature water, the ice cube melts due to heat released by the water. As a result, the entropy of water drops. The ice cube then absorbs the same amount of heat that the water had released, leading to increased entropy. In this procedure, the entropy increased outweighs the entropy lowered by a wide margin.

• Third law of thermodynamics:

Ideally, the entropy should be zero when the ice reaches absolute zero. In reality, however, it is impossible to cool any substance completely.