How Many Functional Groups are There

Introduction

There are mainly fifteen functional groups in organic chemistry. These are a huge part of Organic Chemistry. These are the most reactive parts of a chemical equation. It is a significant combination of molecules that are accountable for exceptional chemical reactions. A molecule can have different sizes, but a functional group is a combination of a few fixed molecules of elements that participate together as a group in a chemical reaction. These can also be better described as a unique group of atoms in organic chemistry. A distinctive chemical reaction contains functional groups but these functional groups are further attached to other molecules of elements.

Main Content

There are many functional groups, namely:

1. Alkene Group – Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons, and have at least one double bond, carbon-to-carbon. The formula of the Alkene group is:

C_{n}H_{2n}

2. Alkyne Group – Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds, with triple bonding between two carbons. The formula for the Alkyne group is:

C_{n}H_{2n-2}

3. Aromatic Ring Group – Aromatic Rings are hydrocarbons which contain at least one benzene group. The formula for Benzene is:

C_{6}H_{6}

4. Haloalkane Group – Haloalkanes are hydrocarbons, in this, the halogen atoms replace one or more hydrogen atoms. The formula for Haloalkane is:

C_{n}H_{2n}-X

Here, the X is a halogen group.

5. Alcohol Group – Alcohol as a functional group is better known as the Hydroxyl group. It has two covalent bonds. The formula for the Alcohol group is:

C_{n}H_{2n}-OH

6. Ether Group – Ether is a functional group, in which a single oxygen atom pairs with two carbons simultaneously. This carbon atom must be an alkyl group. The formula for the Ether group is:

R-O-R{}'

7. Nitrile Group – Nitrile Group contains Cyano compounds. It forms an R-C-N bond, where R is an alkyl group, C is carbon, and N is nitrogen. The formula for the Nitrile group is:

R-C\equiv N

8. Nitro Group – Nitro group is the group, in which a single nitrogen atom is bonded with two oxygen atoms. The formula for the Nitro group is:

-O-N= O

9. Amine Group – An amine group contains a single nitrogen atom that bonds with the parent organic chain, and two bonds with an alkyl group or hydrogen atoms. It forms a total of three bonds at the same time. The formula for, the Amine group is:

R-NH_{3}

10. Aldehyde Group – An Aldehyde group contains one R group, one carbonyl group, and one hydrogen, attached together with the carbonyl carbon atom. The formula for the aldehyde group is:

R-CHO

11. Ketone Group – Ketones are composed of a carbonyl group, which has a double bond pairing between carbon and oxygen. The general formula for the Ketone group is:

R-C(=O)-R{}'

12. Carboxylic Acid Group – It is an organic compound, in this, the carbon atoms form a double bond with an oxygen atom. The general formula for the Carboxylic acid group is:

C_{n}H_{2n+2}-COOH

13. Ester Group – Esters are composed of –COO functional group, with an alkyl group. The general formula for, an Ester group is:

R-COO-R{}'

14. Anhydride Group – In the Anhydride group, two carbon atoms are combined with the oxygen atom and form a double bond, and one oxygen atom shares its bond with both carbons. The general formula for the Anhydride group is:

-COOOC-

15. Amide Group – An amide group is composed of the carbonyl with a nitrogen atom. The general formula, for an Amide group is:

-C(= O)NR2

Conclusion

Functional Groups play a vital role in controlling and directing the organic reactions. It determines the properties of various organic compounds in chemistry. A compound that is composed of carbon with another element is known as an organic compound. The chemical reaction becomes more complex when a functional group is combined with another functional group to complete a chemical reaction. But it is possible to combine more than one functional group together, according to their atoms and molecules.