Introduction

According to the Britannica Dictionary, a "chief justice" is the most significant and powerful judge in a court of law, particularly the Supreme Court. There have been 50 Chief Justices of India since the Supreme Court of India was created in 1950, which replaced the Federal Court of India. Justice Dhananjaya Y. is the current and 50th Chief Justice.

Main Content

The Supreme Court of India is made up of the Chief Justice of India and up to 30 other justices appointed by the President of India. Supreme Court justices may retire at the age of 65.
A Supreme Court Judge cannot be removed from office unless the President issues an order following a speech in each House of Parliament approved by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of members present and voting and delivered to the President in the same session for such consideration removal on the basis of demonstrated misbehaviour.
In different ways, the Constitution strives to protect the independence of Supreme Court justices.
A person who has served as a Supreme Court judge is forbidden from practising law in any court of law or before any other authority in India.
The Supreme Court's sessions are solely held in English. The Supreme Court Rules, 1966, are formulated under Article 145 of the Constitution to govern the Supreme Court's practise and procedures.

History

The Supreme Court was established on January 28, 1950, two days after India became the Sovereign Democratic Republic.

The ceremony was held in the Chamber of Princes of the Parliament building, which also hosted India's Parliament, which included the Council of States and the House of People.
The Federal Court of India had met in this Chamber of Princes for 12 years, from 1937 to 1950. This would be the Supreme Court's home for many years until it moved to its current location.
The opening proceedings were straightforward yet spectacular. They began at 9.45 a.m., when Chief Justice Harilal J.Kania and Justices Saiyid Fazl Ali, Mehr Chand Mahajan, M. Patanjali Sastri, Bijan Kumar Mukherjea, and S.R. Das took their places on the Federal Court. Chief Justices from the High Courts of Bombay, Madras, Orissa, Assam, Nagpur, Punjab, Saurashtra, Patiala, the East Punjab States Union, Mysore, Hyderabad, Madhya Bharat, and Travancore-Cochin were in attendance. M.C. Setalvad, the Attorney General of India, was present, as were the Attorney Generals of Bombay, Madras, Bihar, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, East Punjab, Mysore, Hyderabad, and Madhya Pradesh.
There were also Prime Ministers, other Ministers, Ambassadors, diplomatic officials from various countries, many Senior and other Advocates of the Court, and other notable guests.
The inaugural proceedings were concluded and made part of the Supreme Court's record, with care taken to ensure that the Rules of the Supreme Court were published and the names of all the advocates and agents of the Federal Court were entered on the Supreme Court's records.

More about Supreme Courts and Judges

The Supreme Court began sitting in a section of Parliament House after its opening on January 28, 1950. The structure is meant to mimic justice scales.

The Court moved to its current site in 1958.
The Center Beam of the Scales is located in the building's Central Wing. The complex received two new wings, the East Wing and the West Wing, in 1979.
There are 15 Courtrooms spread over the building's several wings.
The Chief Justice's Court is the largest Central Wing court in the centre.

The CJI can only be removed through the process of impeachment by Parliament.
The pay of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is Rs.280,000 per month, with various perks set for the CJI. Article 125 of the Constitution deals with the salary of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
The Chief Justice of India tenders his resignation to India's President. The President of India swears in the Chief Justice of India.
Sir Maurice Gwyer was the first Chief Justice of India (before independence).
He entered office on October 1, 1937, and served until April 25, 1943. Mr M Gwyer was the Chief Justice of Ireland before independence. Justice Harilal Jekisundas Kania was India's first (Indian) Chief Justice.
Kamal Narain Singh was the Supreme Court's shortest-serving Chief Justice of India, serving only 17 days from November 21st to December 12th, 1991.
Justice Y. V. Chandrachud is India's longest-serving Chief Justice, having served for 2696 days.
Fatimah Beevi was India's first female judge and Supreme Court's first female judge.
Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde, the current Chief Justice of India, is the 47th Chief Justice of India.

Eligibility criteria for judge of Chief Justice

To be appointed as a Supreme Court Judge, a person must be an Indian citizen and have served as a Judge of a High Court or two or more such Courts in succession for at least five years, or as an Advocate of a High Court or two or more such Courts in succession for at least ten years, or he must be a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the President.
There are provisions for appointing a High Court Judge as an Ad-hoc Judge of the Supreme Court and for retired Supreme Court or High Court Judges to sit and function as Judges of that Court.

Conclusion

The Supreme Court of India comprises the Chief Justice of India and up to 30 other justices appointed by the President of India. The Constitution protects the Supreme Court's independence.
A former Supreme Court judge is barred from practising law in any other court or body in India.
On January 28, 1950, two days after India became the Sovereign Democratic Republic, the Supreme Court was created.
The ceremony occurred at the Parliament building's Chamber of Princes, which also housed India's Parliament.
This would be the Supreme Court's permanent residence for many years until it relocated to its current location.
The highest senior judge in India is the Chief Justice of India (CJI).
The Chief Justice of India (CJI) is the Supreme Court of India's most senior judge. He or she is appointed by India's President and can serve until age 65.
Parliament can only remove the CJI through the process of impeachment.