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Acetic acid is a carboxylic acid group organic compound. CH3COOH is its molecular form. A group of methyl is attached to a functional carboxyl group. The main element of vinegar is acetic acid. Since ancient times, this was proved known. Acetic acid and water are in the solution of vinegar, of which 5% to 20% in the volume are acetic acid. The acetic acid of vinegar has a pungent odor and a sour taste. It has other significant uses as well. The physical and chemical properties of acetic acid are also understood here. Acetic acid is found in or produced and excreted by acetic acid bacteria, especially Acetobacter and Clostridium acetobutylicum. These bacteria are ubiquitous in food, water, and soil. Acetic acid is naturally produced when fruits and other foods deteriorate.
Acetic acid formula - CH3COOH
The IUPAC name of acetic acid is Ethanoic acid.
Structure acetic acid:
Let’s see the Acetic acid structure. Ethanoic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid.
The acetic acid structure is defined as CH3COOH.
In the solid-state, acetic acid is a molecular chain in which individual molecules are connected by hydrogen bonds.
The temperature of its dimer in the vapor state is approximately 120 °C.
In the liquid phase, its dimer exists in a dilute solution.
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Ethanoic acid structure:
Lewis structure of CH3COOH (Acetic acid)
Resonance structure of CH3COOH (Acetic acid)
CH3COOH CH3COO-+H+
(self-made using ChemDraw)
Preparation of acetic acid:
The methanol carbonation produces acetic acid industrially. The chemical equations are provided below for the three steps involved in this process.
CH3OH + HI → CH3I+ H2O
CH3I + CO → CH3COI
CH3COI + H2O → CH3COOH + HI
Here, the reaction between methanol and hydrogen iodide produces an intermediary methyl iodide. This intermediary is reacted with carbon monoxide and treated with water to provide the product with acetic acid. It is important to note that for step 2 of this process a carbonyl metal complex should be used as a catalyst.
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Physical properties of acetic acid
Acetic acid has a pungent vinegar taste and bitter taste.
Colorless liquid.
It boils at 391 K.
It has a liquid density of 1049 g/cm³.
It can be mixed with water, alcohol and ether in any ratio.
It is soluble in water, emits heat and reduces its volume.
It is corrosive and can cause blisters in contact with the skin.
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Chemical properties of acetic acid:
The carboxyl functional group in acetic acid causes the compound to ionize according to the following reaction: CH₃COOH ⇌ CH₃COO⁻ + H⁺
The acidity of acetic acid is based on an equilibrium reaction that releases the aforementioned protons.
In an aqueous solution, the acid dissociation constant that is pKa of acetic acid is 4.76.
CH3COO−, acetate is the acetic acid conjugate base.
Acetic acid will not dissociate completely, because it can be seen that the pH of an acetic acid solution with a concentration of 1.0 M is 2.4.
Acetic acid is a polar protic solvent with a dielectric constant of 6.2 in liquid form.
NCERT Chemistry Notes :
Uses of Acetic acid:
Ethanic acid in humans' everyday lives is a very important organic compound. The following is a list of important uses of acetic acid.
Because of its antibacterial qualities, acetate acid is used as an antiseptic.
Ethanoic acid is involved in the production of radiation fibre.
Acetic acid, by direct injection into the tumour, has been used to treat cancer.
As the main component of vinegar, many vegetables are used for pickling.
Ethanoic acid is used for the manufacture of rubber. It is also used in the production of different perfumes.
It is used in large numbers in VAM production (vinyl acetate monomer).
Also check-
Vinegar is Acid, with a PH value of 2-3.
We know the chemical formula of Acetic anhydride is CH3(CO)2O.
The density of acetic acid is 1.05g/cm3.
First, let us draw the structure of CH3COOH.
We know that the oxidation number of the carbon atom in the methyl group is zero, the oxidation number of the oxygen atom in C=Ois -2. The oxidation number of the oxygen atom of the -OH group is -1. Let X be the oxidation number of C.
X+0+(-2)+(-1)=0
X-3=0
X=+3
Thus the oxidation number of C in CH3COOH is +3.
Methanol can react with hydrogen iodide, and carbon monoxide can be added to the product (methyl iodide) to generate acetyl iodide. After hydrolysis, acetyl iodide generates acetic acid.
Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC
Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC
Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC
Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC
Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC
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Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC
As per latest 2024 syllabus. Physics formulas, equations, & laws of class 11 & 12th chapters
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