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According to recent research, there were about 65 local laws in India. It mainly focused on ancient political, economical and social issues. As the British ruled our country during that period we mostly followed British rules.
India is highly rich in culture and tradition. Our ancient India has a distinct tradition of law and highly follows traditional theory in schools and practice in real life.
The law DHARMA was considered one of the main laws in the Vedic period, the word DHARMA itself means righteousness and duty. It consists of legal duties and religious duties.
The main three systems of laws which recognized the court were: Dharma Sastra, Arta -SHASTRA, and Charita.
Usually, there were overlapping laws and unnumbered laws in India
Our India has the oldest judiciary all over the world.
The DHARMA ruled Indian civilization, from the Vedic period to the Muslim invasion from the king to the servants was always been bound by the law DHARMA.
In DHARMA the word “dhr” stands for to uphold, to sustain or to nourish. The seers often use it in close association with “rta” and “satya”. Sri Vidyaranya defines “rta” as the mental perception of God. The Taittiriyas Upanishad also uses it with Sathya and dharma.
The word Sathya means truth and Dharma means mercy to donate and help others.
India has a unique legal history that stretches back to the Neolithic era (7000 BC to 3300 BC) even before the early Vedic ages.
Even there is Civil and Criminal justification over that period. The laws spanned from the Bronze age to the Indus Valley Civilization.
Among the principles, the most common and satisfying principles are the Dharma principle. A typical procedure consists of four categories: a petition, a response, a proof, and a judgement. And a response also consists of four types: confession, denials, special plea, and reference to a previous judgement. The evidence is mentioned in three formats documentation, ownership, and witnesses.
The ancient Indian court categorise into six basic categories they are as follows:
The Kula (family council or groups):
A group of elderly people educated members of the family on how to handle the conflicts inside the family or among the family of similar backgrounds.
The Sherni (Trade or the professional council)
It is an assembly of old and knowledgeable people who are recognized by a group of traders, professionals, and craftsmen to arbitrate conflicts.
The Gana (Village Assembly)
This was a huge process of gathering of village regarded knowledge, unbiased, and trustworthy by the people of the region.
Sasita (kings Court)
This was the Kingdom’s highest court law. The king himself presided over it.
Nripa (king himself)
The king was the supreme authority in the legal judicial adjudication process, and he was governed by Dharma percepts that he could not contradict.
Ancient Indian knowledge was the key for today’s legislators and the general public at large to look at it. The ancient judicial system established by India’s great clairvoyants met all of the prerequisites for a secure and functional judiciary, and it was compatible with the modern system as well.
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