Intensive and Extensive Properties of Matter - Overview, Structure, Properties & Uses

Intensive and Extensive Properties of Matter - Introduction, Examples, Properties, FAQs

Edited By Team Careers360 | Updated on Jun 30, 2022 06:06 PM IST

Introduction

The two types of physical properties of matter are intensive and extensive properties. A physical attribute, on the other hand, is one that can be observed and quantified without altering the sample's chemical composition. Richard C. Tolman, a physical chemist and physicist, created the phrases "intensive" and "extensive" in 1917. Here's a rundown of what intensive and extensive qualities are, as well as instances of each type and how to distinguish between them.

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This Story also Contains

Introduction
What is Extensive Property?
Examples of Extensive Property
What is Intensive Property?
Examples of Intensive Property?
Difference Between Intensive and Extensive Property
Specific Properties

Thermodynamic properties are defined as characteristics of a system that can be used to specify the state of the system. A material's thermodynamic properties can be classified in a variety of ways. Thermodynamic properties can be extensive or intensive. Matter has either extensive or intensive physical and chemical properties. The amount of matter being weighed affects a variety of properties, including mass and volume. The amount of matter present, for example, has no effect on density or colour.

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What is Extensive Property?

An extensive property is a property that is dependent on the amount of substance in a sample. Mass and volume are two of the many extensive properties. An extensive property of the system is determined by the scale of the system or the volume of matter in it. Extensive properties are those in which the value of a system's property equals the total of its parts' values.

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Examples of Extensive Property

The examples of extensive property are:

Energy
Enthalpy
Entropy
Gibbs energy
Heat capacity
Mass
Length
Size
Volume
Weight

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What is Intensive Property?

An intense property is a bulk property, meaning it is a local physical attribute of a system that is independent of its size or volume of material. Intensive properties are those that are unaffected by the amount of matter present in the system. Copper wire has a particular electrical conductivity, as demonstrated in the image below. The short part that extends out would have the same conductivity as the full long roll of wire seen above if you cut it off. The conductivity of copper is a feature of the metal itself, not of the wire's length.

Enameled-Round-Copper-Wire

NCERT Chemistry Notes:

Examples of Intensive Property?

The examples of intensive property includes:

Boiling Point
Colour
Concentration
Density
Electrical conductivity
Molality
Odour
Melting point
Magnetic permeability
Pressure
Surface tension
State of matter
Refractive index
Viscosity
Temperature

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Difference Between Intensive and Extensive Property

INTENSIVE PROPERTY	EXTENSIVE PROPERTY
Independent property	Dependent property
No change in size	Change in size
Cannot be computed	Can be computed
Easily identifiable	Not easy to identify
Some examples are: Boiling Point, Melting Point, Viscosity	Some examples are: Length, mass, weight, volume, energy

Taking two samples of the same sort of matter and combining them is the simplest technique to determine if a physical property is intensive or extensive. The sample size has no effect on an intensive property. The density, temperature, and hardness of a tiny bit of matter are the same as a large amount of the same substance. An extensive property, on the other hand, is additive. This suggests that doubling the sample size doubles an extensive property. Doubling the sample size would make it twice as big, twice as lengthy, and so on.

Specific Properties

A specific property is a form of intensive property that represents the ratio of two extensive properties. Both mass and volume, for example, are extensive properties. Their ratio is density, which is both a specific and an intensive property. Specific volume (the reciprocal of density), specific heat capacity (heat capacity divided by mass), molar volume (volume per mole), and specific enthalpy are some other specific properties. Example: Density = Mass/Volume , where both mass and volume are extensive property and density is an intensive property.

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Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

1. What is meant by intensive property?

The intensive property is a property of a product that remains constant as the number of particles increases. It is a bulk property, which means that it is a physical property that is independent of the size or weight of a sample.

2. What is the significance of intensive and extensive properties?

For example, mass and weight are comprehensive qualities, but density is an intensive product property. Extensive property are useful for describing a sample, but they are not very useful for classifying it because they can alter based on sample size or conditions.

3. What does "extensive property" imply?

A material property that fluctuates as the number of particles increases is known as an extensive property. An extensive property can be detected and measured, just like other physical qualities, without any chemical alteration.

4. In thermodynamics, what is the extensive property?

Thermodynamic properties are divided into two categories: intensive properties and extensive properties. Any property that is dependent on the size (or extent) of the system being evaluated is an extensive property. A good example is volume.

5. Which of the following is not an extensive property? Molarity Heat capacity Mass

A characteristic that is dependent on the amount of substance in a sample is known as an extensive property. Molarity is the concentration of the solution, represented as the number of moles of solute per litre of solution, and it is not an extensive property.

Molarity is defined as one mole of solute per litre of solution.

An intensive property is a property of matter that is determined only by the type of matter present in a sample, not by its quantity.

Heat capacity and mass are extensive property.