JEE Main Important Chemistry formulas
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Rate of reaction generally measures the speed of reaction that at which time period or how fast products can be formed from reactants or in easy manner we can say that it gives us an idea of time that in how much time a reaction could be completed.
It can be defined as the speed of changing reactants into products during a chemical reaction. Where reactants meaning those substances which have to undergo through some changes that the compounds present on the left side of reaction while products are the compounds which will formed after reaction got completed and present on right hand side of reaction.
Not all chemical reactions are occur at equal speed some which undergoes very fast while some have very slow process so getting the idea in how much time a reaction can be completed is rate of reaction. If we taking the example of fast and slow reaction then combustion of wood is said to have high reaction rate while rusting of iron have slow rate of reaction.
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There are a number of factors on which rate of chemical reaction depends and these can be explained as follows:
1. Nature of reactants: Rate of reaction depends on the nature of reactants this will depend upon the nature and physical state of the reactant like reactions are naturally fast in nature while some are slow. It also depend upon the physical state of reactants whether it is solid, liquid or gaseous state, number of reactants, complexity of reaction and on other factors which have great effect on rate of reaction.
On the basis of state we can consider that if reactant is present in liquid state then rate of reaction is slow with comparison to solid or gaseous particles. It also depends on the size of reactant like smaller the size of reactant higher will be the rate of reaction.
2. Concentration: Rate of reaction on the basis of concentration can be explained through collision theory where this theory explains that chemical reaction will proceed only when particles present between them will collide. This suggests that rate of reaction will increase with increase in concentration of reactants. Law of mass action also gives us the idea that chemical reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of reactants which suggests that rate of chemical reaction increases with increase in concentration and decrease with decrease in concentration of reactants.
3. Pressure: Concentration will increase with increase in pressure which further increase the rate of reaction this also implies that rate of reaction is directly proportional to the pressure value. Rate of reaction will increases in gaseous molecules and will got decreases in reversed direction.
4. Temperature: This can also be explained on the basis of collision theory which suggests that any chemical reaction which will proceed at higher temperature will generate more energy as compare to lower temperature. This can be explained as colliding particles at high temperature will have required activation energy which makes the collision more successful.
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Also there are some reaction in which energy barrier is there are independent of temperature changes i.e. rate of reaction of those will affect with respect to temperature.
5. Solvent: Rate of reaction also depends upon the solvent present in the reaction it depends on the property of solvent and ionic strength of that solvent.
6. Order of reaction: Order of reaction generally tells us how the pressure and concentration of reactant will affect the rate of reaction.
7. Electromagnetic radiation: Electromagnetic radiation is generally a form of energy which increase the rate of reaction and it will gives more energy to reactants.
8. Light: Intensity of light also affect the rate of reaction with increase in the intensity of light particle absorbs more energy and it will increase the rate of reaction.
9. Presence of catalyst: Catalyst is any substance which is used for increasing the rate of reaction without even participating in the reaction and the presence of any catalyst in a reaction will increase the speed of reaction in both forward as well backward reactions by providing them an alternate path which decrease the activation energy.
10. Surface area of reactants: Surface area of reactants generally affect the rate of reaction. If size of any particle is small then surface area of this particle is more which increase the speed of any chemical reactions.
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Let us consider a chemical reaction shown as follows:
Here capitals letter A and B represents reactants while P and Q represents products. On the other small letters a, b, p and q represents the stoichiometric coefficients. Rate of reaction is generally denoted by r which will occurs in closed system and reaction intermediates will not formed during this reaction and reaction will proceed under isochoric conditions where isochoric is generally made up by two word called iso and choric where iso have the meaning same and choric represents space or volume i.e. same volume. This implies that isochoric conditions are those in which thermodynamic process is occurring at same volume.
The rate of reaction for the reaction aA+bB→pP+qQ can be shown as follows:
Here the negative sign indicates the decrease in concentration of reactants while in case of products it will increase.
Above formula suggests that rate of reaction is generally given by the change in concentration with respect to time so we can define the unit of rate of reaction as Concentration / time where the unit of concentration is mol/L and let us suppose time is in seconds then units of rate of reaction will (mol/L)/sec or it can be written as molL-1 sec-1.
1. Average rate of reaction: This type of rate of reaction will calculated by the entire time interval in which the reaction proceeds. It will be equal to the rate of disappearance of the reactants and rate of appearance of the products with the change in time.
2. Instantaneous rate of reaction: This is the rate of reaction which will be calculated at any particular instant of time.
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NCERT Chemistry Notes :
Rate of reaction of any chemical reaction is said to be directly proportional to the concentration of reactants which suggests that rate of chemical reaction increases with increase in concentration and decrease with decrease in concentration of reactants.
Rate of reaction generally measures the speed of reaction that at which time period or how fast products can be formed from reactants or in easy manner we can say that it gives us an idea of time that in how much time a reaction could be completed.
Rate of reaction is generally given by the change in concentration with respect to time so we can define the unit of rate of reaction as Concentration / time where the unit of concentration is mol/L and let us suppose time is in seconds then units of rate of reaction will (mol/L)/sec or it can be written as molL-1 sec-1.
Average rate of reaction and Instantaneous rate of reaction.
Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC
Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC
Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC
Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC
Apr 27, 2022 - 12:42 p.m. IST ---STATIC
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The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.
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Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.
A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.
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A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications.
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For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.
In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion.
Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article.
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Linguistic meaning is related to language or Linguistics which is the study of languages. A career as a linguistic meaning, a profession that is based on the scientific study of language, and it's a very broad field with many specialities. Famous linguists work in academia, researching and teaching different areas of language, such as phonetics (sounds), syntax (word order) and semantics (meaning).
Other researchers focus on specialities like computational linguistics, which seeks to better match human and computer language capacities, or applied linguistics, which is concerned with improving language education. Still, others work as language experts for the government, advertising companies, dictionary publishers and various other private enterprises. Some might work from home as freelance linguists. Philologist, phonologist, and dialectician are some of Linguist synonym. Linguists can study French, German, Italian.
The career of a travel journalist is full of passion, excitement and responsibility. Journalism as a career could be challenging at times, but if you're someone who has been genuinely enthusiastic about all this, then it is the best decision for you. Travel journalism jobs are all about insightful, artfully written, informative narratives designed to cover the travel industry. Travel Journalist is someone who explores, gathers and presents information as a news article.
Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues.
A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product.
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A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
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A metallurgical engineer is a professional who studies and produces materials that bring power to our world. He or she extracts metals from ores and rocks and transforms them into alloys, high-purity metals and other materials used in developing infrastructure, transportation and healthcare equipment.
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Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack
As per latest 2024 syllabus. Chemistry formulas, equations, & laws of class 11 & 12th chapters
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