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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds - Coordination compounds is a conceptual chapter related to chemical reactions and atoms so you must pay special attention to the NCERT solutions for Class 12 Chemistry chapter 9 Coordination Compounds which are provided here for free. Coordination compounds are an important part of inorganic chemistry and coordination compounds. As per the NCERT, coordination compounds are the foundation of modern Inorganic Chemistry. In this NCERT solution, there are 11 in-text questions and 32 questions in the exercise and you will find all the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 9 when you scroll down.
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Solutions to In-Text Questions Ex 9.1 to 9.10
Question 9.1(i) Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds:
(i) Tetraamminediaquacobalt(III) chloride
Answer :
The chemical formula for the coordination compound Tetraamminediaquacobalt(III) chloride is
Question 9.1(ii) Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds:
(ii) Potassium tetracyanidonickelate(II)
Answer :
The formula for the coordination compound Potassium tetracyanidonickelate II is :
Question 9.1(iii) Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds:
(iii) Tris(ethane–1,2–diamine) chromium(III) chloride
Answer :
The formula for the coordination compound Tris(ethane–1,2–diamine) chromium(III) chloride is :
Question 9.1(iv) Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds:
(iv) Amminebromidochloridonitrito-N-platinate(II)
Answer :
The formula for the coordination compound Amminebromidochloridonitrito-N-platinate(II) :
Question 9.1(v) Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds:
(v) Dichloridobis(ethane–1,2–diamine)platinum(IV) nitrate
Answer :
The chemical formula for the coordination compounds: Dichloridobis(ethane–1,2–diamine)platinum(IV) nitrate
Question 9.1(vi) Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds:
(vi) Iron(III) hexacyanidoferrate(II)
Answer :
The formula for the coordination compound Iron(III) hexacyanidoferrate(II):
Question 9.2(i) Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds:
Answer :
The IUPAC name of the coordination compound is :
Hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride
Question 9.2(ii) Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds:
Answer :
The IUPAC name of the coordination compound is
Pentaamminechloridocobalt(III) chloride
Question 9.2(iii) Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds:
Answer :
The IUPAC name of the coordination compound is
Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III).
Question 9.2(iv) Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds:
Answer :
The IUPAC name of the following coordination compound is
Potassium trioxalatoferrate(III)
Question 9.2(v) Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds:
Answer :
The IUPAC names of the coordination compound is
Potassium tetrachloridopalladate(II).
Question 9.2(vi) Write the IUPAC names of the following coordination compounds:
Answer :
The IUPAC name of the following coordination compound is :
Diamminechlorido(methylamine)platinum(II) chloride.
Question 9.3(i) Indicate the types of isomerism exhibited by the following complexes and draw the structures for these isomers:
Answer :
Both geometrical (cis-, trans-) and optical isomers exists for the given compound.
Question 9.3(ii) Indicate the types of isomerism exhibited by the following complexes and draw the structures for these isomers:
Answer :
Two optical isomers can exist, Dextro and Laevo.
Question 9.3(iii) Indicate the types of isomerism exhibited by the following complexes and draw the structures for these isomers:
Answer :
There are 10 possible isomers.There are geometrical, ionisation and linkage isomers possible.
A pair of optical isomer
it also shows ionization isomerism
AND
It can also show linkage isomerism
AND
Question 9.3(iv) Indicate the types of isomerism exhibited by the following complexes and draw the structures for these isomers:
Answer :
Geometrical (cis-, trans-) isomers can exists for
Question 9.4(i) Give evidence that following is ionisation isomer.
Answer :
The ionisation isomers dissolve in water to yield different ions and thus react differently to various reagents:
[Co(NH3)5Br]SO4 + Ba2+ → BaSO4 (s)
[Co(NH3)5SO4]Br + Ba2+ → No reaction
[Co(NH3)5Br]SO4 + Ag+ → No reaction
[Co(NH3)5SO4]Br + Ag+ → AgBr (s)
Question 9.4(ii) Give evidence that following is ionisation isomer.
Answer :
The ionisation isomers dissolve in water to yield different ions and thus react differently to various reagents:
[Co(NH3)5Br]SO4 + Ba2+ → BaSO4 (s)
[Co(NH3)5SO4]Br + Ba2+ → No reaction
[Co(NH3)5Br]SO4 + Ag+ → No reaction
[Co(NH3)5SO4]Br + Ag+ → AgBr (s)
Answer :
In both the compounds, the oxidation state of Nickel is +2. So it has d 8 configuration.
Now, on the basis of ligand pairing of electrons will occur. Since CN - is a strong ligand so pairing will occur but in case of Cl - pairing will not be there as it is a weak ligand. So, the configuration of both the compounds looks like :-
Thus is a square planer and diamagnetic and has tetrahedral geometry and is paramagnetic.
Question 9.6 is paramagnetic while is diamagnetic though both are tetrahedral. Why?
Answer :
The difference in the magnetic behaviour is due to the nature of ligands present. In case of the oxidation state of nickel is +2 and also Cl - is a weak ligand. Thus its configuration becomes:-
So it is paramagnetic and tetrahedral in nature.
In the case of , the oxidation state of nickel is 0. So its configuration is 3d 8 4s 2 . We also know that CO is a strong ligand, thus the configuration of nickel becomes:-
Hence the given compound is diamagnetic but tetrahedral in nature.
Question 9.7 is strongly paramagnetic whereas is weakly paramagnetic. Explain.
Answer :
In both the compounds Fe has +3 oxidation state i.e., d 5 configuration.
In the case of strong ligand (CN - ), the pairing of electron will occur. So number of electrons left unpaired will be 1.
In case of weak ligand (H 2 O), pairing of electron will not there. Thus number of electrons unpaired will be 5.
We know that paramagnetic strength is directly proportional to the number of unpaired electrons.
Hence paramagnetism will be more in case of
Question 9.8 Explain is an inner orbital complex whereas is an outer orbital complex.
Answer :
Firstly consider :-
The oxidation state of cobalt is +3. So the electronic configuration of it will be d 6 .
Since (NH 3 ) is a strong ligand so the pairing of electron will be there.
So, it has d 2 sp 3 hybridisation and an inner orbital complex.
Now consider,
The oxidation state of nickel is +3. So its electronic configuration will be d 8 .
Also (NH 3 ) is a strong ligand so pairing of electrons will be seen.
Thus is an outer orbital complex.
Question 9.9 Predict the number of unpaired electrons in the square planar ion.
Answer :
The oxidation state of Pt in the given compound is +2. Also, it is given that the compound has square planar geometry i.e., it has dsp 2 hybridisation (d 8 ).
CN - is a strong ligand so the pairing of electron will occur.
So there are be no unpaired electrons in the given compound.
Answer :
Consider Hexaqua manganese (II) :- In this compound, the oxidation state of Mn is +2 and its electronic configuration is d 5 .
H 2 O is a weak ligand and crystal field is octahedral so the arrangement of electrons will be t 2 3 g eg 2 .
So the total number of unpaired electrons is 5.
Now consider hexacyanoion:- In this compound, the oxidation state of Mn is +2. It is surrounded by the strong ligands CN - , so pairing will be there.
Its arrangement will be t 2g 5 eg 0 .
Thus the number of unpaired electrons will be 1.
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds- Exercise Questions
Question 9.1 Explain the bonding in coordination compounds in terms of Werner’s postulates.
Answer :
Werner his theory of coordination compounds and gave some postulates. The main postulates are:
1. In coordination compounds metals show two types of linkages or valences namely primary valency and secondary valency.
2. The primary valences are generally ionisable and are satisfied or balanced by negative ions.
3. The secondary valences are non-ionisable. These are satisfied by either neutral molecules or by negative ions. The secondary valence is equal to the coordination number (No. of atoms surrounding the metal) and is constant for a metal.
4. According to different coordination numbers, the ions/groups bound by the secondary linkages to the metal have characteristic spatial arrangements.
Answer :
The major difference between both the compounds is that the first compound is a salt and the other one is a coordination compound. In case of double salt compounds (Mohr's salt), the compound breaks into its constituent ions when dissolved in water, therefore it gives a positive test for the presence of Fe +2 . But in case of coordination compounds, they maintain their identity in both solid and dissolved state. Thus the individual property of each constituent is lost. And therefore it doesn't give a positive test for Cu +2 .
Answer :
(i) Coordination entity:- It is an electrically charged species carrying either a positive charge or a negative charge. In a coordination entity, the central atom or ion is surrounded by some number of neutral molecules or negative ions ( called ligands) accordingly.
(ii) Ligand:- Ligands are the neutral molecules or negatively charged ions that surround the metal atom in a coordination entity according to the holding capacity of central metal ion are known as ligands. NH 3 and H 2 O are two neutral ligands.
(iii) Coordination number:- The total number of metals that surrounds the central metal ion is known as coordination number.
For e.g,(a) In case of six chlorine atoms are attached to Pt, thus the coordination number of the given compound is 6.
(b) In case of the central metal ion Ni is surrounded by 4 atoms of ligand so its coordination number is 4.
(iv) Coordination polyhedron:- It is defined as the spatial arrangement of the ligands which are directly attached to the central metal ion/atom.
E.g. square planar, tetrahedral.
(v) Homoleptic:- Homoleptic compounds are defined as the compounds in which the donor/ligand attached to central metal atom/ion is of one kind.
E.g. and
(vi) Heteroleptic:- These are the coordination compounds in which central atoms are attached with more than one type of ligand.
E.g. and
Question 9.4 What is meant by unidentate, didentate and ambidentate ligands? Give two examples for each.
Answer :
Unidentate ligands:- The ligand which has only one donor site are known as unidentate ligands. E.g. Cl - , NH 3
Bidentate(or didentate):- The ligands which have two donor sites are known as bidentate ligands. E.g. Ethane - 1,2 diamine, Oxalate ion
Ambidentate ligands:- The ligands which can attach themselves to the central metal through two different atoms. E.g NO 2 , SCN
Question 9.5 (i) Specify the oxidation numbers of the metals in the following coordination entities:
Answer :
Let us assume that coordination number of cobalt is x.
Thus
Hence coordination number of cobalt is +3.
Question 9.5(ii) Specify the oxidation numbers of the metals in the following coordination entities:
Answer :
Let us assume that the coordination number of cobalt is x.
Then according to the question :
Hence the coordination number of cobalt is 3.
Question 9.5(iii) Specify the oxidation numbers of the metals in the following coordination entities:
Answer :
Let us assume the oxidation state of Pt to be x.
Then the equation becomes :-
Hence the oxidation state of Pt metal is 2.
Question 9.5(iv) Specify the oxidation numbers of the metals in the following coordination entities:
Answer :
Let the oxidation state of Fe be x.
Then the equation will be :-
Thus oxidation state of Fe in this coordination compound is 3.
Question 9.5(v) Specify the oxidation numbers of the metals in the following coordination entities:
Answer :
Let us assume the oxidation state of Cr to be x.
Then according to the question we get,
So the oxidation state of Cr will be 3.
Question 9.6(i) Using IUPAC norms write the formulas for the following:
(i) Tetrahydroxidozincate(II)
Answer :
Using the IUPAC rules :-
Question 9.6(ii) Using IUPAC norms write the formulas for the following:
(ii) Potassium tetrachloridopalladate(II)
Answer :
The required compound is :-
Question 9.6(iii) Using IUPAC norms write the formulas for the following:
(iii) Diamminedichloridoplatinum(II)
Answer :
The required chemical formula of compound is :-
Question 9.6(iv) Using IUPAC norms write the formulas for the following:
(iv) Potassium tetracyanidonickelate(II)
Answer :
The required compound is :-
Question 9.6(v) Using IUPAC norms write the formulas for the following:
(v) Pentaamminenitrito-O-cobalt(III)
Answer :
The compound is :-
Question 9.6(vi) Using IUPAC norms write the formulas for the following:
(vi) Hexaamminecobalt(III) sulphate
Answer :
The required compound is :-
Question 9.6(vii) Using IUPAC norms write the formulas for the following:
(vii) Potassium tri(oxalato)chromate(III)
Answer :
The required compound is :-
Question 9.6(viii) Using IUPAC norms write the formulas for the following:
(viii) Hexaammineplatinum(IV)
Answer :
The required compound is :-
Question 9.6(ix) Using IUPAC norms write the formulas for the following:
(ix) Tetrabromidocuprate(II)
Answer :
The required compound is
Question 9.6(x) Using IUPAC norms write the formulas for the following:
(x) Pentaamminenitrito-N-cobalt(III)
Answer :
The required compound is :-
Question 9.7(i) Using IUPAC norms write the systematic names of the following:
Answer :
Using IUPAC norms the name of the given compound is :-
Hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride
Question 9.7(ii) Using IUPAC norms write the systematic names of the following:
Answer :
According to the IUPAC norms :-
Diamminechlorido(methylamine) platinum(II) chloride
Question 9.7(iii) Using IUPAC norms write the systematic names of the following:
Answer :
Using the nomenclature rules, the required name of the compound is:- Hexaquatitanium(III) ion
Question 9.7(iv) Using IUPAC norms write the systematic names of the following:
Answer :
Using IUPAC norms, the name of the given compound is :-
Tetraamminichloridonitrito-N-Cobalt(III) chloride
Question 9.7(v) Using IUPAC norms write the systematic names of the following:
Answer :
The IUPAC name of the givne compound is :-
Hexaquamanganese(II) ion
Question : 9.7(vi) Using IUPAC norms write the systematic names of the following:
Answer :
According to the IUPAC norms, the systematic name of the given compound is:- Tetrachloridonickelate(II) ion
Question 9.7(vii) Using IUPAC norms write the systematic names of the following:
Answer :
The IUPAC name of the given compound is :- Hexaamminenickel(II) chloride
Question 9.7(viii) Using IUPAC norms write the systematic names of the following:
Answer :
The name of the given compound is :- Tris(ethane-1, 2-diammine) cobalt(III) ion
Question 9.7(ix) Using IUPAC norms write the systematic names of the following:
Answer :
The IUPAC name of the given compound is :- Tetracarbonylnickel(0)
Question 9.8 List various types of isomerism possible for coordination compounds, giving an example of each.
Answer :
Two main types of isomerism are known in case of coordination compounds which can be further divided into subgroups:-
(a) Stereoisomerism :-
(i) Geometrical isomerism E.g
.
(ii) Optical isomerism
(b) Structural isomerism :-
(i) Linkage isomerism E.g and
(ii) Ionisation isomerism E.g and
(iii) Coordination isomerism E.g and
(iv) Solvate isomerism E.g and
Question : 9.9(i) How many geometrical isomers are possible in the following coordination entities?
No geometrical isomers are possible since the given compound is a bidentate compound.
Question 9.9(ii) How many geometrical isomers are possible in the following coordination entities?
Answer :
The facial (fac) and meridional (mer) isomers are possible for the given compound.
Question 9.10(i) Draw the structures of optical isomers of:
Answer :
The optical isomers of the given compound are:-
Question 9.10(ii) Draw the structures of optical isomers of:
Answer :
The optical isomers of the given compound are given below :-
Question 9.10(iii) Draw the structures of optical isomers of:
Answer :
The optical isomers of the given compound are:-
Question 9.11(i) Draw all the isomers (geometrical and optical) of:
Answer :
The configurational isomers are:-
Question 9.11(ii) Draw all the isomers (geometrical and optical) of:
Answer :
The isomers of the given compound are :-
Question 9.11(iii) Draw all the isomers (geometrical and optical) of:
Answer :
The possible isomers of the given compound are as follows :-
Question 9.12 Write all the geometrical isomers of and how many of these will exhibit optical isomers?
Answer :
The geometrical isomers of the compound are given below:-
We know that the given compound has tetrahedral geometry, so it can be optically active only when it has unsymmetric chelating agents. Hence the given compound doesn't have any optically active isomer.
Question 9.13 Aqueous copper sulphate solution (blue in colour) gives:
(i) a green precipitate with aqueous potassium fluoride and
(ii) a bright green solution with aqueous potassium chloride. Explain these experimental results.
Answer :
We know that strong ligands can replace weak ligands from its solution.
(i) In this case F - ions can replace H 2 O from aqueous copper sulphate solution.
(ii) In this compound, Cl - being stronger ligand will replace H 2 O and give a bright green solution
Answer :
When KCN is passed through an aqueous solution of copper sulphate, CN - being a strong ligand, will replace water and form .
It is known that in stable coordination compounds, the individual identity of each constituent is lost i.e., Cu +2 is not available freely.
Thus no precipitate of copper sulphide is obtained in the given conditions.
Question 9.15 Discuss the nature of bonding in the following coordination entities on the basis of valence bond theory:
Answer :
In the given compound oxidation state of Fe is +2. The electronic configuration of this compound is 3d 6 .
Also CN - is a strong field ligand so it will cause the pairing of electrons.
Therefore the complex is diamagnetic and its geometry is octahedral.
Question 9.15 Discuss the nature of bonding in the following coordination entities on the basis of valence bond theory:
Answer :
(ii) In the given complex the oxidation state of Fe is +3. Its electronic configuration is d 5 .
Also, the F - ions are weak field ligands, therefore, the pairing of electrons will not occur.
Thus its geometry is octahedral and it is paramagnetic in nature.
Question 9.15 Discuss the nature of bonding in the following coordination entities on the basis of valence bond theory:
Answer:
(iii) In the given compound, the oxidation state of Co is +3. Its electronic configuration thus becomes d 6 .
Also, oxalate is a weak field ligand therefore pairing of electrons will not occur.
Hence the complex is octahedral and paramgnetic in nature.
Question 9.15 Discuss the nature of bonding in the following coordination entities on the basis of valence bond theory:
Answer :
(iv) The oxidation state of Co in the given comound is +3. The electronic configuration of the compound is d 6 .
Also, F - is a weak field ligand so no pairing of electrons will occur.
nbsp;
Hence the geometry of compound is octahedral and it is paramagnetic in nature.
Question 9.16 Draw figure to show the splitting of d orbitals in an octahedral crystal field.
Answer :
The splitting of d orbital is shown below:-
In this splitting d x 2 y 2 and d z 2 experience a rise in energy and make the eg level, while d xy , d yz and d zx experience a fall in energy and generate the t 2g level.
Question 9.17 What is spectrochemical series? Explain the difference between a weak field ligand and a strong field ligand.
Answer :
The arrangement of ligands in the increasing order of their crystal-field splitting energy (CFSE) values is known as spectrochemical series .
The ligands on the right side of the series strong field ligands are present whereas on the left-hand side weak field ligands are present.
The strong field ligands are capable of splitting d orbitals to a higher extent as compared to weak field ligands.
Answer :
It is known that the degenerated d-orbitals split into two levels - e g and t 2g . The splitting of the degenerate levels due to the presence of ligands is called the crystal-field splitting and the energy difference between the two levels (e g and t 2g ) is called the crystal-field splitting energy (CFSE).
The CFSE is denoted by Δ o .
After splitting of orbitals, the filling of the electrons starts. After 1 electron has been filled in each of the three t 2g orbitals, the fourth electron can enter the eg orbital ( t 2g 3 e g 1 like electronic configuration) or the pairing of the electrons can take place in the t 2g orbitals ( t 2g 4 e g 0 like electronic configuration).
If the CFSE value or Δ o value of a ligand is less than the pairing energy (P), then the electrons enter into the e g orbital. And, if the Δ o value of a ligand is more than the pairing energy (P), then the electrons will enter the t 2g orbital.
Question 9.19 is paramagnetic while is diamagnetic. Explain why?
Answer :
In the oxidation state of the compound is +3. Its electronic configuration is d 3 . Also, NH 3 is a weak field ligand so the pairing of electrons will not occur.
So this compound is paramagnetic in nature.
In the oxidation state of the Ni is +2. Its electronic configuration is d 8 . Also, CN - is a strong field ligand so the pairing of electrons will occur.
Hence the above compound is diamagnetic in nature.
Question 9.20 A solution of is green but a solution of is colourless. Explain .
Answer :
In the case of , we have CN - as a strong field ligand. So, the pairing of electrons will occur. The electronic configuration of Ni +2 is d 6 . Since all the electrons will be paired thus d-d electronic transition is not possible on this case. Whereas in case of we have a weak field ligand (H 2 O). The pairing of electrons will not occur. Thus electrons from a lower state of energy can transit to a higher state of energy and thus will give some colour.
Question 9.21 and are of different colours in dilute solutions. Why?
Answer :
In both compounds, the oxidation state of Fe is +2. Also, in we have weak field ligand whereas in we have strong field ligand. So there is a difference in CFSE value in both the compounds. As a result, the colour shown by both compounds is different.
Question 9.22 Discuss the nature of bonding in metal carbonyls.
Answer :
The metal-carbon bond in metal carbonyls has both σ and π character. Basically the M–C σ bond is generated due to the donation of lone pair of electrons on the carbonyl carbon into a vacant orbital of the metal. Whereas the M–C π bond is formed due to the donation of a pair of electrons from a filled d orbital of metal into the vacant/empty antibonding π* orbital of carbon monoxide. As a result, this metal to ligand bonding leads to a synergic effect which strengthens the bond between CO and the metal.
Question 9.23 Give the oxidation state, d orbital occupation and coordination number of the central metal ion in the following complexes:
Answer :
The oxidation state of Co is +3 and its oxidation number is 6. The d orbital occupation of the given central metal ion is t 2g 6 e g 0 .
Question 9.23 Give the oxidation state, d orbital occupation and coordination number of the central metal ion in the following complexes:
Answer :
(ii) The oxidation state of Cr in the given complex is +3. The coordination number of Cr is 6. The d orbital occupation for central metal ion Cr 3+ is t 2g 3 .
Question 9.23 Give the oxidation state, d orbital occupation and coordination number of the central metal ion in the following complexes:
Answer :
(iii) The oxidation state of Co in the given coordination compound is +2. Also, the coordination number of Co is 4. The d orbital occupation for the central metal ion Co 2+ is e g 4 t 2g 3 .
Question 9.23 Give the oxidation state, d orbital occupation and coordination number of the central metal ion in the following complexes:
Answer :
(iv) In the given complex compound the oxidation state of Mn is +2. Also, the coordination number of Mn is 6. The d orbital occupation for the central metal ion Mn +2 is t 2g 3 e g 2 .
Answer :
The IUPAC name of the given compound is Potassium diaquadioxalatochromate (III) trihydrate.
The oxidation state of Cr in this compound is +3.
The electronic configuration is 3d 3 .
The coordination number of this compound is 6.
The magnetic moment of a compound is given by :
Here n is the number of the unpaired electrons.
or
Stereochemistry:-
Answer :
The IUPAC name of the given compound is Pentaamminechloridocobalt(III) chloride.
The oxidation state of Co in this compound is +3.
The electronic configuration is d 6 .
The coordination number of this compound is 6.
The magnetic moment of a compound is given by :
Here n is the number of the unpaired electrons.
or
Stereochemistry:-
Answer :
The IUPAC name of the given compound is Trichloridotripyridinechromium (III).
The oxidation state of Cr in this compound is +3.
The electronic configuration is d 3 .
The coordination number of this compound is 6.
The magnetic moment of a compound is given by :
Here n is the number of the unpaired electrons.
or
Stereochemistry:-
Answer :
The IUPAC name of the given compound is Caesium tetrachloroferrate (III).
The oxidation state of Cs in this compound is +3.
The electronic configuration is d 5 .
The coordination number of this compound is 4.
The magnetic moment of a compound is given by :
Here n is the number of the unpaired electrons.
or
Stereochemistry:- Optically inactive.
Answer :
The IUPAC name of the given compound is Potassium hexacyanomanganate(II).
The oxidation state of Mn in this compound is +2.
The electronic configuration is d 5 .
The coordination number of this compound is 6.
The magnetic moment of a compound is given by :
Here n is the number of the unpaired electrons.
or
Stereochemistry:- Optically inactive.
Question 9.25 Explain the violet colour of the complex on the basis of crystal field theory.
Answer :
In ground state,Ti has 23 electrons with electronic configuration 3d 3 4s 2 .
The oxidation state of Ti in the given compound is +3.
Hence it will now have the configuration 3d 2 . Since it has 2 unpaired electrons and has the ability to undergo d-d transition, the given complex gives violet colour.
Question 9.26 What is meant by the chelate effect? Give an example .
Answer :
When a ligand is attached to the metal ion in such a manner that it forms a ring-like structure, then the metal-ligand bond is found to be more stable i.e., complexes containing chelate rings are more stable than complexes without rings. The formation of such rings is known as the chelate effect.
Question 9.27 Discuss briefly giving an example in each case the role of coordination compounds in:
(i) biological systems
Answer :
Coordination compounds play a great role in biological systems. The pigment which is responsible for photosynthesis, chlorophyll, is a coordination compound of magnesium. Haemoglobin (which acts as oxygen carrier) the red pigment of blood is a coordination compound of iron. Vitamin B 12 , cyanocobalamine, the anti-pernicious anaemia factor, are few coordination compounds of cobalt which have biological importance.
Question 9.27 Discuss briefly giving an example in each case the role of coordination compounds in:
(ii) medicinal chemistry
Answer :
The role of coordination compounds in the medicine industry is very huge such as the use of chelate therapy in medicinal chemistry. The excess of copper and iron are removed by the chelating ligands D–penicillamine and desferrioxamine B via the formation of coordination compounds. Nowadays, some coordination compounds of platinum (such as cis–platin and related compounds) effectively inhibit the growth of tumours.
Question 9.27 Discuss briefly giving an example in each case the role of coordination compounds in:
(iii) analytical chemistry
Answer :
(iii) In analytical chemistry, the familiar colour reactions given by metal ions with a number of ligands generally chelating ligands. The formation of coordination entities gives the basis for their detection and estimation by classical and instrumental methods of analysis.
Question 9.27 Discuss briefly giving an example in each case the role of coordination compounds in:
(iv) extraction/metallurgy of metals
Answer :
In the metal extraction process of metals, like silver and gold, make use of complex formation. For example, gold combines with cyanide in the presence of oxygen and water to form the coordination entity [Au(CN) 2 ] in aqueous solution which can be further separated by addition of zinc.
Question 9.28 How many ions are produced from the complex in solution?
(i) 6 (ii) 4 (iii) 3 (iv) 2
Answer :
Total of 3 ions will be produced.
2 of Cl - and one ion of [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ] + will be produced.
Question 9.29 Amongst the following ions which one has the highest magnetic moment value?
Answer :
(i) No. of unpaired electrons in is 3.
The magnetic moment is given by :
or
(ii) Similarly in the number of unpaired electrons is 4.
So the magnetic moment :
(iii) In the case of the number of unpaired electrons is 0. So its magnetic moment is also zero.
Thus has the highest dipole moment among all.
Question 9.31 Amongst the following, the most stable complex is
Answer :
We know that due to the chelation effect stability of the chelating compound is more than the simple compound. Thus it is easy to notice that is most stable among all given compounds.
Question 9.32 What will be the correct order for the wavelengths of absorption in the visible region for the following:
Answer :
The order of the wavelength of absorption will be decided from the order of their CFSE values.
The CFSE values increase in the order :- H 2 O < NH 3 < NO 2 -
Hence, the order of wavelengths of absorption in the visible region is : [Ni(H 2 O) 6 ] 2+ > [Ni(NH 3 ) 6 ] 2+ > [Ni(NO 2 ) 6 ] 4-
NCERT Solutions Class 12 Chemistry - Chapterwise
After studying chapter 9 Coordination Compounds of Class 12 Chemistry, you will be able to know the meaning of terms like a central atom or ion, coordination entity, ligand, coordination number, oxidation number, homoleptic and heteroleptic, able to learn the rules of nomenclature of coordination compounds, define various types of isomerism in coordination compounds and various applications of coordination compounds in daily life.
9.1 Werner's Theory of Coordination Compounds
9.2 Definitions of Some Important Terms Pertaining to Coordination Compounds
9.3 Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds
9.4 Isomerism in Coordination Compounds
9.5 Bonding in Coordination Compounds
9.6 Bonding in Metal Carbonyls
9.7 Importance and Applications of Coordination Compounds
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The NCERT Class 12 Chemistry solutions chapter 9 Coordination Compounds are prepared and explained well by subject experts to help you in the preparation of CBSE Board exams.
NCERT solutions for other classes and subjects can aid you in various competitive exams like JEE, NEET, BITS, and, KVPY etc.
The seven sub-topics of NCERT syllabus Chemistry chapter 9 Coordination Compounds covers important concepts like Werner’s Theory of coordination compounds, definitions of some important terms relating to coordination compounds, the rules of nomenclature of coordination compounds etc.
By referring to the Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 9 NCERT book solutions, students can understand all the important concepts and practice questions well enough before their examination.
The comprehensive answers given in the CBSE NCERT solutions for Class 12 Chemistry chapter 9 Coordination Compounds will be helpful in understanding the chapter easily.
The revision will be quite easier because the detailed solutions will help you to remember the concepts and get very good marks in your class.
Homework problems won't bother you anymore, all you need to do is check the detailed NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry and you are good to go.
Also, check NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Solutions
Weightage of Coordination Compounds in CBSE Board exam is 6-7 marks. Follow NCERT textbook for a good score in the board exam.
Weightage of Coordination Compounds in JEE mains is 10 marks. To practice questions students can refer to NCERT exemplar and JEE Main previous year papers.
Coordination compounds is a very important chapter for the NEET exam and it holds a weightage of 9% of the total marks.
hello,
Yes you can appear for the compartment paper again since CBSE gives three chances to a candidate to clear his/her exams so you still have two more attempts. However, you can appear for your improvement paper for all subjects but you cannot appear for the ones in which you have failed.
I hope this was helpful!
Good Luck
Hello dear,
If you was not able to clear 1st compartment and now you giving second compartment so YES, you can go for your improvement exam next year but if a student receives an improvement, they are given the opportunity to retake the boards as a private candidate the following year, but there are some requirements. First, the student must pass all of their subjects; if they received a compartment in any subject, they must then pass the compartment exam before being eligible for the improvement.
As you can registered yourself as private candidate for giving your improvement exam of 12 standard CBSE(Central Board of Secondary Education).For that you have to wait for a whole year which is bit difficult for you.
Positive side of waiting for whole year is you have a whole year to preparing yourself for your examination. You have no distraction or something which may causes your failure in the exams. In whole year you have to stay focused on your 12 standard examination for doing well in it. By this you get a highest marks as a comparison of others.
Believe in Yourself! You can make anything happen
All the very best.
Hello Student,
I appreciate your Interest in education. See the improvement is not restricted to one subject or multiple subjects and we cannot say if improvement in one subject in one year leads to improvement in more subjects in coming year.
You just need to have a revision of all subjects what you have completed in the school. have a revision and practice of subjects and concepts helps you better.
All the best.
If you'll do hard work then by hard work of 6 months you can achieve your goal but you have to start studying for it dont waste your time its a very important year so please dont waste it otherwise you'll regret.
Yes, you can take admission in class 12th privately there are many colleges in which you can give 12th privately.
The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary.
Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.
A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.
The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.
Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.
Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.
Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive.
Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.
The role of geotechnical engineer starts with reviewing the projects needed to define the required material properties. The work responsibilities are followed by a site investigation of rock, soil, fault distribution and bedrock properties on and below an area of interest. The investigation is aimed to improve the ground engineering design and determine their engineering properties that include how they will interact with, on or in a proposed construction.
The role of geotechnical engineer in mining includes designing and determining the type of foundations, earthworks, and or pavement subgrades required for the intended man-made structures to be made. Geotechnical engineering jobs are involved in earthen and concrete dam construction projects, working under a range of normal and extreme loading conditions.
How fascinating it is to represent the whole world on just a piece of paper or a sphere. With the help of maps, we are able to represent the real world on a much smaller scale. Individuals who opt for a career as a cartographer are those who make maps. But, cartography is not just limited to maps, it is about a mixture of art, science, and technology. As a cartographer, not only you will create maps but use various geodetic surveys and remote sensing systems to measure, analyse, and create different maps for political, cultural or educational purposes.
Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.
The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.
Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.
Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.
An investment director is a person who helps corporations and individuals manage their finances. They can help them develop a strategy to achieve their goals, including paying off debts and investing in the future. In addition, he or she can help individuals make informed decisions.
Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues.
A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.
An expert in plumbing is aware of building regulations and safety standards and works to make sure these standards are upheld. Testing pipes for leakage using air pressure and other gauges, and also the ability to construct new pipe systems by cutting, fitting, measuring and threading pipes are some of the other more involved aspects of plumbing. Individuals in the plumber career path are self-employed or work for a small business employing less than ten people, though some might find working for larger entities or the government more desirable.
Individuals who opt for a career as construction managers have a senior-level management role offered in construction firms. Responsibilities in the construction management career path are assigning tasks to workers, inspecting their work, and coordinating with other professionals including architects, subcontractors, and building services engineers.
Urban Planning careers revolve around the idea of developing a plan to use the land optimally, without affecting the environment. Urban planning jobs are offered to those candidates who are skilled in making the right use of land to distribute the growing population, to create various communities.
Urban planning careers come with the opportunity to make changes to the existing cities and towns. They identify various community needs and make short and long-term plans accordingly.
Highway Engineer Job Description: A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.
Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems.
A Naval Architect is a professional who designs, produces and repairs safe and sea-worthy surfaces or underwater structures. A Naval Architect stays involved in creating and designing ships, ferries, submarines and yachts with implementation of various principles such as gravity, ideal hull form, buoyancy and stability.
Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.
A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.
Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth.
An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.
The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.
The hospital Administrator is in charge of organising and supervising the daily operations of medical services and facilities. This organising includes managing of organisation’s staff and its members in service, budgets, service reports, departmental reporting and taking reminders of patient care and services.
For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs.
Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.
Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.
Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.
Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.
A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.
The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.
A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications.
A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.
In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism, Advertising, Marketing Management. Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook.
Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.
For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.
In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion.
Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article.
Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.
Linguistic meaning is related to language or Linguistics which is the study of languages. A career as a linguistic meaning, a profession that is based on the scientific study of language, and it's a very broad field with many specialities. Famous linguists work in academia, researching and teaching different areas of language, such as phonetics (sounds), syntax (word order) and semantics (meaning).
Other researchers focus on specialities like computational linguistics, which seeks to better match human and computer language capacities, or applied linguistics, which is concerned with improving language education. Still, others work as language experts for the government, advertising companies, dictionary publishers and various other private enterprises. Some might work from home as freelance linguists. Philologist, phonologist, and dialectician are some of Linguist synonym. Linguists can study French, German, Italian.
The career of a travel journalist is full of passion, excitement and responsibility. Journalism as a career could be challenging at times, but if you're someone who has been genuinely enthusiastic about all this, then it is the best decision for you. Travel journalism jobs are all about insightful, artfully written, informative narratives designed to cover the travel industry. Travel Journalist is someone who explores, gathers and presents information as a news article.
Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues.
A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product.
A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans.
A metallurgical engineer is a professional who studies and produces materials that bring power to our world. He or she extracts metals from ores and rocks and transforms them into alloys, high-purity metals and other materials used in developing infrastructure, transportation and healthcare equipment.
An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems.
An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party.
Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.
A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.
Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack
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