NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids, Bases, and Salts
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids, Bases, and Salts: Students must know that NCERT Acids Bases and Salts Class 10 Science chapter 2 solutions is an important chapter from which 3 marks or 5 marks questions may be asked. In these NCERT solutions for Acids Bases and Salts Class 10 Science chapter 2, you will come to know the answers and step wise solutions to the questions asked in NCERT Class 10 science books. If you want to score well in board exams then NCERT solutions for Class 10 Science chapter 2 will give you proper knowledge of the concepts, equations, and formulas. Read below to get exercise and question-wise NCERT solutions Class 10 Science chapter 2.
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Also read,
- Acids Bases And Salts Class 10 NCERT Exemplar Solutions
- Acids Bases And Salts Class 10 NCERT Chapter Notes
CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids, Bases, and Salts
Answer: Litmus is a common indicator that is used to identify acid and base. The colour of litmus paper turns to blue indicates that the chemical is a base. If there is no change in colour, then the chemical is either acidic or neutral.
First marks the three test tubes as A, B, and C.
Now,
(i) First of all, put the red litmus paper in each test tube one by one. The test tube in which red litmus paper will turn blue indicates the solution of that test tube is basic/Alkaline in nature.
(ii) Now remaining two are either acidic or neutral. Now mix a drop of the basic solution with a drop of each of the remaining two solutions separately and then the nature of the drops of the mixtures is checked. If the colour of the red litmus turns blue, then the second solution is neutral and if there is no change in colour, then the second solution is acidic. This is because acidic and basic solutions neutralize each other.
NCERT solutions for class 10 science chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts
Topic 2.1 - Understanding the chemical properties of acids and bases
Q.1 Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels?
Answer: Curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels because curd and other sour substances contain acids.
Therefore, when they are kept in brass and copper vessels, the metal reacts with the acid to liberate hydrogen gas and harmful products, thereby may spoil the food.
Answer: Hydrogen gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal.
When zinc granules react with dilute sulphuric acid, then the bubbles of the soap solution are formed. These soap bubbles contain hydrogen gas and a zinc sulphate solution is formed.
The evolved hydrogen gas can be tested by taking a burning candle near a soap solution containing hydrogen gas. If the candle burns with a pop sound, it confirms the evolution of hydrogen gas.
Answer: During the chemical reaction, the evolved gas extinguishes a burning candle which means the gas is carbon dioxide.
Since, one of the compounds formed during this reaction is calcium chloride and carbon dioxide is formed when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with a metal carbonate (or metal hydrogen carbonate) producing effervescence it means the metal compound is calcium carbonate (It cannot be calcium hydrogen carbonate because calcium hydrogen carbonate is found only in solution, it is also unstable to exist as a solid). Hence, the compound A is calcium carbonate.
The chemical reaction is written as follows:
NCERT solutions for class 10 science chapter 2 Acids, Bases, and Salts
Topic 2.2 What do all acids and all bases have in common?
Answer:
Acids form hydrogen ions [ (aq) ions] in its aqueous solution which is responsible for their acidic characters.
form hydrogen ions in aqueous solution hence, they show acidic characters in aqueous solution.
The reaction of HCL is as follows:
While solutions of compounds like alcohol and glucose do not form hydrogen ions in the solution, hence, they do not show acidic character.
Q.2 Why does an aqueous solution of acid conduct electricity?
Answer:
Acids dissociate in aqueous solutions to form ions. Like hydrogen ions ( ) or hydronium ions (
) and the presence of these ions in an aqueous solution of acid are responsible for conducting electricity.
Q.3 Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour of the dry litmus paper?
Answer:
The colour of litmus paper changes only in the presence of ions like hydrogen ( ) or hydronium (
) ions. Dry HCl does not contain (
) or (
) ions. It can produce these ions only in the form of an aqueous solution.
Hence, because of that dry HCl gas does not change the colour of dry litmus paper.
Answer:
The process of dissolving an acid in water is highly exothermic in which a large amount of heat is evolved. It is always recommended that acid should slowly be added to water because evolved heat is easily absorbed by a large amount of water.
If it is done the other way, then it is possible that because of the large amount of heat generated, the mixture splashes out and causes burns,
Answer:
When the solution of an acid is diluted, the concentration of hydronium ions per unit volume decreases.
That means, the strength of the acid decreases.
Answer:
The concentration of hydroxide ions would increase when excess base is dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide .
NCERT solutions for class 10 science chapter 2 Acids, Bases, and Salts
Topic 2.3 How strong are acid or base solutions
Answer:
The pH value of less than 7 indicates an acidic solution while greater than 7 indicates a basic solution. The pH value of a neutral solution is 7. And the acidic solution has more hydrogen ion concentration.
Therefore, solution A with pH = 6 is acidic and has more hydrogen ion concentration than solution B with pH = 8 which is basic.
Q.2 What effect does the concentration of H + (aq) ions have on the nature of the solution?
Answer:
Concentration of (aq) can have a varied effect on the nature of the solution.When we increase the concentration of
ions in the solution, the solution becomes more acidic, while when we decrease the concentration of
ions in the solution, the basicity of the solution increases.
Q.3 Do basic solutions also have H + (aq) ions? If yes, then why are these basic?
Answer:
Yes, the basic solution also has H+(aq) ions. However, they are basic because the concentration of hydrogen ions in them is less as compared to the concentration of hydroxide ions that makes the solution basic.
Answer:
Quicklime, slaked lime and chalk are basic in nature. When they react with acids, the neutralization reaction takes place.
Therefore, If the soil is acidic and improper for cultivation, then to increase the basicity of soil, the farmer would treat the soil with quicklime or slaked lime or chalk
NCERT solutions for class 10 science chapter 2 Acids, Bases, and Salts
Topic 2.4 More about salts
Q.1 What is the common name of the compound ?
Answer:
The common name of the compound is bleaching powder.
Q.2 Name the substance which on treatment with chlorine yields bleaching powder .
Answer:
Calcium hydroxide on treatment with chlorine yields bleaching powder.
Q.3 Name the sodium compound which is used for softening hard water.
Answer:
Washing soda is used for softening hard water.
Answer:
When a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate (sodium hydrogen carbonate) is heated, it undergoes decomposition reaction to form sodium carbonate and water, and carbon dioxide gas is liberated.
The equation of the reaction involved is:
Q.5 Write an equation to show the reaction between the Plaster of Paris and water .
Answer :
The chemical equation for the reaction of Plaster of Paris and water can be represented as
NCERT solutions for class 10 science chapter 2 Acids, Bases, and Salts Excercise:
Q.1 A solution turns red litmus blue, its pH is likely to be
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 10
Answer:
(d) As we have lean bases turn red litmus blue. The basic solution has a pH value of more than 7. Since the solution turns red litmus blue, therefore its pH is likely to be > 7 i.e. 10.
(a) NaCl (b) HCl (c) LiCl (d) KCl
Answer:
(b) The solution contains HCI reacts with crushed egg-shells to give a gas that turns lime-water milky.
(a) 4 mL (b) 8 mL (c) 12 mL (d) 16 mL
Answer:
It is given that
10ml of NaOH neutralizes 8ml Solution of HCl
1 ml of NaOH neutralizes =
Solution of HCl
Therefore, 20 ml of NaOH will neutralise= solution of HCL
Therefore, 16 ml of HCl solution will be required to neutralize the 20 ml of NaOH.
The correct answer is (d)
Q.4 Which one of the following types of medicines are used for treating indigestion?
(a) Antibiotic
(b) Analgesic
(c) Antacid
(d) Antiseptic
Answer:
(c) The antacid is used for treating indigestion.
Q.5 Write word equations and then balanced equations for the reaction taking place when –
(a) dilute sulphuric acid reacts with zinc granules.
(b) dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium ribbon.
(c) dilute sulphuric acid reacts with aluminum powder.
(d) dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with iron filings.
Answer:
Balanced equations are:-
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Answer:
Take the solution of dilute hydrochloric solution and glucose. Two nails are fitted on a cork and are kept it in a 100 mL beaker. The nails are then connected to the two terminals of a 6-volt battery through a bulb and a switch. Dilute HCl is poured in the beaker and current is switched on. Now, the same experiment is performed with a glucose solution and an alcohol solution.
We will observe that the bulb glows in the HCl solution and does not glow in the glucose solution.
Because: HCl dissociate into H + (aq) and Cl -(aq) ions. These ions conduct electricity in the solution resulting in the glowing of the bulb. On the other hand, the glucose solution does not dissociate into ions. Therefore, it does not conduct electricity.
Conclusion:
From this activity, it can be concluded that all acids contain hydrogen but not all compounds containing hydrogen are acids. That is why, though compounds like alcohols and glucose contain hydrogen, they are not categorized as acids.
Q.7 Why does distilled water not conduct electricity, whereas rainwater does?
Answer: Distilled water is a pure form of water that does not contain ions. Therefore, it does not conduct electricity. Rainwater on the other hand, being an impure form of water, contains many ionic compounds such as acids and therefore it conducts electricity.
Q.8 Why do acids not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water?
Answer: Acids do not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water because acids form hydrogen ions [H + (aq) ions] in its aqueous solution which are responsible for their acidic characters and the dissociation of hydrogen ions from an acid occurs in the presence of water only.
Therefore in the absence of water, acids do not produce hydrogen ions and hence do not show acidic behaviour.
- Neutral?
Answer: Solution with pH equal to 7 is a neutral solution. Therefore, a neutral solution is D
- Strongly alkaline?
Answer: The solution with the highest pH is strongly alkaline. Therefore, a strongly alkaline solution is C with a pH equal to 11
- Strongly acidic?
Answer: The solution with the lowest pH value is strongly acidic. Therefore, a strongly acidic solution is B with pH equal to 1
- Weakly acidic?
Answer: Solution with pH less than 7 but close to 7 is weakly acidic. Therefore, the weakly acidic solution is A with a pH equal to 4
e) Weakly alkaline?
Answer: The solution with a pH greater than 7 but close to 7 is weakly alkaline. Therefore, a weakly alkaline solution is E with pH equal to 9
Answer: When an acid reacts with magnesium metal, hydrogen gas is produced which causes fizzing. Stronger acids having a greater number of hydrogen ions in it. Hence, fizzing will occur strongly in test tube A, in which hydrochloric acid (HCI) is added.
This is because HCI is a stronger acid as compared to and therefore, during the chemical reaction with magnesium metal, HCl will produce more hydrogen gas due to which fizzing will be more vigorous in test-tube A.
Answer: The pH of fresh milk is 6.
As milk turns into curd, lactic acid is formed due to which it becomes more acidic. Therefore, the pH of milk will decrease.
Q.12(a) A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.
(a) Why does he shift the pH of the fresh milk from 6 to slightly alkaline?
Answer: Fresh milk is slightly acidic in nature, The milkman shifts the pH of the fresh milk from 6 to slightly alkaline by adding little baking soda.
Because this will prevent the milk from getting sour due to lactic acid formation.
Q.12(b) A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.
(b) Why does this milk take a long time to set as curd?
Answer: Since this milk is slightly basic than usual milk, the lactic acid, formed during curdling, needs to first neutralize the alkali present in the milk.
Therefore, it takes a longer time for the curd to set.
Q. 13 The plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture-proof container. Explain why?
Answer: Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture-proof container because it absorbs moisture (or water) to form a hard substance called gypsum which makes Plaster of Paris useless.
Q.14 What is a neutralization reaction? Give two examples.
Answer: A reaction in which an acid and base react with each other to give a salt and water is known as neutralization reaction. That is: Acid + Base → Salt + Water
For example:
(i) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and water:
(ii) Magnesium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to form magnesium chloride and water:
Q.15 Give two important uses of washing soda and baking soda.
Answer: Uses of Washing Soda:
(i) It is used for removing the permanent hardness of the water.
(ii) It is used in glass, soap, and paper industries.
Uses of Baking Soda:
(i) It is used in soda-acid fire extinguishers.
(ii) It is used in making baking powder. Baking powder is a mixture of baking soda and a mild edible acid called tartaric acid. When baking powder is heated
or mixed in water, it releases CO2 that makes cakes or bread fluffy.
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science - Chapter wise
Chapter No. | Chapter Name |
Chapter 1 | |
Chapter 2 | Acids, Bases, and Salts |
Chapter 3 | |
Chapter 4 | |
Chapter 5 | |
Chapter 6 | |
Chapter 7 | |
Chapter 8 | |
Chapter 9 | |
Chapter 10 | |
Chapter 11 | |
Chapter 12 | |
Chapter 13 | |
Chapter 14 | |
Chapter 15 | |
Chapter 16 |
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science chapter 2 - Learning Outcomes
Through these NCERT Class 10 Science solutions chapter 2, you will get to know that the strength of an acid or an alkali can be tested by using a scale called the pH scale (0-14).
In Class 10 Science Chapter 2 NCERT solutions, you will also study when an acid reacts with a metal, hydrogen gas is evolved and a corresponding salt is formed.
A salt is formed when a base reacts with metal, along with the evolution of hydrogen gas which has a negative ion composed of the metal and oxygen.
When an acid reacts with a metal hydrogen carbonate or metal carbonate, it gives the corresponding salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas.
Electricity in water is conducted by Acidic and basic solutions because they produce hydrogen and hydroxide ions respectively.
Benefits of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids, Bases, and Salts
These NCERT solutions Class 10 science chapter 2 works like a time saviour. Students will get the solutions for all the exercises and extra questions related to this chapter.
All the NCERT 10th class science Chapter 2 solutions are created by experienced experts.
The language of the solutions is easy to understand.
The NCERT solutions for class 10 science chapter 2, helps you to clear your concepts.
Also, check
Frequently Asked Question (FAQs) - NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids, Bases, and Salts
Question: What is the name of Class 10 Science 2nd Chapter?
Answer:
2nd chapter name is ‘Acids, Bases, and Salts’. Questions of the NCERT book helps to study the chapter well for the exam.
Question: What are the important topics of Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids, Bases, and Salts?
Answer:
Sodium Hydroxide, Bleaching Powder, Baking Soda, Washing Soda and Plaster of Paris are the important topics of NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 2 solutions.
Question: What is the weightage of chapter Acids, Bases, and Salts in CBSE Class 10 board final exam?
Answer:
This chapter holds the weightage of 3 or 5 marks in CBSE Board exams. More questions on the chapter Acids Bases and Salts can be practiced from previous year papers of CBSE board Science exam and the NCERT exemplar.
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hi, i completed my 10th in 2015 ,i am trying 3 years to study but no guidense for me ,if any one plz help me to study
Hello,you completed your 10th in 2015 and it's been 6.5 years that you haven't opted for any further education .In my opinion you should take a admission in class 11th and chose a stream that interests you and you want to pursue your career in that respective field. Making a time table and studying your subjects regularly and managing things in a systematic and organized manner can help you ace your goals.You can also enroll yourself for some short term online courses that will enhance your intelligence and productivity.Well, most students consciously or subconsciously, get influenced by their parents, siblings or fellow peers.To be precise there’s an ocean of career choices today. Choosing the right career path amidst all of them right after 10th can be daunting.The only thing I would advice you is that do not choose your 11th stream just on the basis of marks scored in class 10th. Choose a stream/ subjects you like , which you feel fits you . Also have a short overview of the future aspect of that course.After 10 th the students has to make right decision making about his career Because it's more important to make right decision, one small mistakes will lead to bigger one in future. So just plan your career If diploma is not available then opt for right group in 11&12th. So , just make right career depends on what field of interest you have to. Take time , research in google about every career options, every degrees available, then find right degree relevant to your field of interest and go for it
when the class 10th term 2 result will be updated
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Central Board of Secondary Education will announce the term 2 results 2022 in June 2022, tentatively. The CBSE 10th exams 2022 for term 2 has been commenced on April 26 and will conclude on May 24, 2022. CBSE result 2022 Class 10 term 2 will also be available on cbseresults.nic.in. The officials have not yet released the exact dates for the declaration of the results. Keep an eye on the official website or the link below for the latest information. It is expected that the results will be declared in this month itself.
https://school.careers360.com/boards/cbse/cbse-10th-result
sir, when will admission forms available for 11th std science??
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Admission of 11th STD till now dates is not released you will come to know when it will released.
Till that time just utilise your vacation and enjoy it and for admission visit your state official website so you will come to know all updates and details of admission .
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