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NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday life

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NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday life

Edited By Sumit Saini | Updated on Sep 17, 2022 11:24 AM IST | #CBSE Class 12th

NCERT exemplar Class 12 Chemistry solutions chapter 16 introduces us to a universe of chemistry. Our day starts with Chemistry and ends with it; it is in the food we eat, the clothes we wear, the things we touch, the gaze we exchange, and the emotions we express. Why do you cry while cutting an onion? Why are their different soaps for different uses? NCERT exemplar Class 12 Chemistry chapter 16 solutions will answer any questions you might have related to the aspects of chemistry in our daily lives as NCERT exemplar Class 12 Chemistry solutions chapter 16 pdf download provides details on the chemicals in industries like medicine, food, dyes, cosmetics, technology, clothing, etc.

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 16: MCQ (Type 1)

Question:1

Which of the following statements is not correct.
(i) Some antiseptics can be added to soaps.
(ii) Dilute solutions of some disinfectants can be used as antiseptic.
(iii) Disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs.
(iv) Antiseptic medicines can be ingested.
Answer:

Antiseptic drugs are used to kills any microbes on cuts or wounds to prevent infections, but they are only for external use; therefore, Option (iv) Antiseptic medicines can be ingested is the answer.

Question:2

Which is the correct statement about birth control pills?
(i) Contain estrogen only.
(ii) Contain progesterone only.
(iii) Contain a mixture of estrogen and progesterone derivatives.
(iv) Progesterone enhances ovulation.
Answer:

Birth control pills are used for ovulation, and they contain female hormones to act scientifically. The pills contain (iii) Contain a mixture of estrogen and progesterone derivatives.

Question:3

Which statement about aspirin is not true
(i) Aspirin belongs to narcotic analgesics.
(ii) It is effective in relieving pain.
(iii) It has an anti-blood-clotting action.
(iv) It is a neurologically active drug.
Answer:

Aspiring is a very common drug used to relieve headaches or other tissue pains, so it comes under the class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. And it also used to prevent heart attack due to the thinning of blood; therefore, Option (i) Aspirin belongs to narcotic analgesics is the right answer.

Question:4

The most useful classification of drugs for medicinal chemists is _________.
(i) on the basis of chemical structure.
(ii) on the basis of drug action.
(iii) on the basis of molecular targets.
(iv) on the basis of the pharmacological effect
Answer:

There are multiple ways of classifying drugs, but for a medical chemist the most convenient mode of drug classification is (iii) on the basis of molecular targets

Question:5

Which of the following statements is correct?
(i) Some tranquilizers function by inhibiting the enzymes which catalyze the degradation of noradrenaline.
(ii) Tranquilizers are narcotic drugs.
(iii) Tranquillizers are chemical compounds that do not affect the message transfer from nerve to the receptor.
(iv) Tranquilizers are chemical compounds that can relieve pain and fever.

Answer:

Tranquilizers are drugs used for the proper synthesizing of a mood controlling hormone named noradrenaline and curing depression. The correct answer is (i) Some tranquilizers function by inhibiting the enzymes which catalyze the degradation of noradrenaline

Question:6

Salvarsan is an arsenic-containing drug which was first used for the treatment of ____________.
(i) syphilis
(ii) typhoid
(iii) meningitis
(iv) dysentery
Answer:

Salvarsan is a very old drug used in the treatment of trypanosomiasis as well as syphilis. So, Option (i) is the answer.

Question:7

A narrow-spectrum antibiotic is active against _______________.
(i) gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria.
(ii) gram-negative bacteria only.
(iii) single organism or one disease.
(iv) both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Answer:

The antibiotics are majorly divided into two categories depending on their target organisms. The narrow-range antibiotics kill both (i) gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria.

Question:8

The compound that causes general antidepressant action on the central nervous system belongs to the class of _____________.
(i) analgesics
(ii) tranquillizers
(iii) narcotic analgesics
(iv) antihistamines
Answer:

Analgesics are used for pain-relieving purposes, but tranquilizers are the drug category used to treat the imbalanced neurotransmitter present in the brain. Therefore, option (ii) tranquilizers are the right answer.

Question:9

Compound which is added to soap to impart antiseptic properties is __________.
(i) sodium laurylsulphate
(ii) sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate
(iii) rosin
(iv) bithional
Answer:

Properties of soap not only include cleansing agents but numerous other features like antiseptic property. This is introduced by the addition of (iv) bithional as it is an antiseptic thus safe for living tissues.

Question:10

Equanil is __________.
(i) artificial sweetener
(ii) tranquilizer
(iii) antihistamine
(iv) antifertility drug
Answer:

The common name of Equanil being meprobamate, it has the properties of sleeping pills thus classifying under option (ii) tranquilizer

Question:11

Which of the following enhances the leathering property of soap?
(i) Sodium carbonate
(ii) Sodium resinate
(iii) Sodium stearate
(iv) Trisodium phosphate
Answer:

To increase the leathering property of soaps, a gum named rosin is added. So, option (ii) Sodium resinate is the correct answer.

Question:12

Glycerol is added to soap. It functions ______________.
(i) as a filler.
(ii) to increase leathering.
(iii) to prevent rapid drying.
(iv) to make soap granules.
Answer:

The common use of glycerol is in shaving soap as it prevents instant drying of the soap. So the correct option is (iii) to prevent rapid drying.

Question:13

Which of the following is an example of liquid dishwashing detergent?

Answer:

The liquid dishwashing detergents come under the category of non-ionic detergents making Option (ii) the correct answer due to being non-ionic.

Question:14

Polyethyleneglycols are used in the preparation of which type of detergents?
(i) Cationic detergents
(ii) Anionic detergents
(iii) Non-ionic detergents
(iv) Soaps
Answer:

Due to the presence of the -OH group, it contributes information of non-ionic detergents. Thus, option (iii) Non-ionic detergents is the answer.

Question:15

Which of the following is not a target molecule for drug function in the body?
(i) Carbohydrates
(ii) Lipids
(iii) Vitamins
(iv) Proteins
Answer:

Some of the most common drug targets in the human body include carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins so, Option (iii) Vitamins is the answer.

Question:16

Which of the following statements is not true about enzyme inhibitors?
(i) Inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme.
(ii) Prevent the binding of substrate.
(iii) Generally, a strong covalent bond is formed between an inhibitor and an enzyme.
(iv) Inhibitors can be competitive or non-competitive.

Answer:

Enzyme inhibitors are very useful for balancing the chemical reactions in the human body, they have the ability to bind reversibly and irreversibly. While irreversible binding, a strong covalent bond is created between the two. Therefore, option (iii) Generally, a strong covalent bond is formed between an inhibitor and an enzyme is the answer.

Question:17

Which of the following chemicals can be added for sweetening of food items at cooking temperature and does not provide calories?
(i) Sucrose
(ii) Glucose
(iii) Aspartame
(iv) Sucralose

Answer:

There are numerous types of sweeteners present in the market with no calorific value, but they have limitations like temperature rage. The name of a chemically stable artificial sweetener with no calories is (iv) Sucralose.

Question:18

Which of the following will not enhance the nutritional value of food?
(i) Minerals
(ii) Artificial sweeteners
(iii) Vitamins
(iv) Aminoacids

Answer:

The artificial sweeteners are created to provide the essence of sweetness but do not contain any calories. Thus, Option (ii) Artificial sweeteners are the answer.

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 16: MCQ (Type 2)

Question:19

Which of the following statements are incorrect about receptor proteins?
(i) Majority of receptor proteins are embedded in the cell membranes.
(ii) The active site of receptor proteins opens on the inside region of the cell.
(iii) Chemical messengers are received at the binding sites of receptor proteins.
(iv) The shape of the receptor doesn’t change during attachment of the messenger.
Answer:

Receptor proteins are found in the plasma membrane, they are responsible of receiving the chemical signals from other cells and reacting accordingly from changing electrical activity to accepting pharmaceutical drugs. Therefore, option (ii) The active site of receptor proteins opens on the inside region of the cell, and (iv) The shape of the receptor doesn’t change during attachment of the messenger are the answers.

Question:20

Which of the following are not used as food preservatives?
(i) Table salt
(ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate
(iii) Cane sugar
(iv) Benzoic acid
Answer:

Food preservatives are designed to prevent the growth of microbes in food and increase its shelf life. These are safe for consumption, and common examples are (ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate, and (iii) Cane sugar.

Question:21

Compounds with antiseptic properties are ______________.
(i) CHCl3
(ii) CHI3
(iii) Boric acid
(iv) 0.3 ppm aqueous solution of Cl2
Answer:

Antiseptic drugs apply the concept of killing infectious microbes using non-infectious microbes while applied to cuts or wounds. Common antiseptics include, (ii) CHI3 and (iii) Boric acid.

Question:22

Which of the following statements are correct about barbiturates?
(i) Hypnotics or sleep producing agents.
(ii) These are tranquillizers.
(iii) Non-narcotic analgesics.
(iv) Pain reducing without disturbing the nervous system.

Answer:

Barbiturates are composed of barbituric acid and its derivatives classified under tranquilizers. They are used as sleep producing agents termed as hypnotics. So, Option (i) Hypnotics or sleep producing agents, and (ii) These are tranquilizers are the answers

Question:23

Which of the following are sulpha drugs?
(i) Sulphapyridine
(ii) Prontosil
(iii) Salvarsan
(iv) Nardil
Answer:

The functioning of sulpha drugs includes killing bacteria and fungi by destroying their metabolism. Some of the most common sulpha drugs are (i) Sulphapyridine, and (ii) Prontosil.

Question:24

Which of the following are antidepressants?
(i) Iproniazid
(ii) Phenelzine
(iii) Equanil
(iv) Salvarsan
Answer:

Antidepressant drugs are administered to control the imbalanced neurotransmitters of the brain that causes mood swings and hinders the brain functioning. From the mentioned drugs, (i) Iproniazid, (ii) Phenelzine, and (iii) Equanil commonly used antidepressants.

Question:25

Which of the following statements are incorrect about penicillin?
(i) An antibacterial fungus.
(ii) Ampicillin is its synthetic modification.
(iii) It has a bacteriostatic effect.
(iv) It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic
Answer:

Penicillin is one of the world’s first antibiotic group of drugs. It contains a fungus that kills the unwanted bacteria present in the body causing disease. Thus, option (iii) It has a bacteriostatic effect and (iv) It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic is a right answer

Question:26

Which of the following compounds are administered as antacids?
(i) Sodium carbonate
(ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate
(iii) Aluminium carbonate
(iv) Magnesium hydroxide
Answer:

Antacids are used to control the excess release of HCl in the stomach that causes acidity and hyperacidity. From the given options, (ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate and (iv) Magnesium hydroxide are types of antacids.

Question:27

Amongst the following antihistamines, which are antacids?
(i) Ranitidine
(ii) Brompheniramine
(iii) Terfenadine
(iv) Cimetidine
Answer:

Some of the antacids are also helpful in treating hyperacidity as they prevent the interaction of histamine in the stomach, thus categorized under antihistamines. Some of the most common antacids used as antihistamines are option (i) Ranitidine and (iv) Cimetidine

Question:28

Veronal and luminal are derivatives of barbituric acid which are __________.
(i) Tranquillizers
(ii) Non-narcotic analgesic
(iii) Antiallergic drugs
(iv) Neurologically active drugs
Answer:

Being derivatives of barbituric acid, Veronal and luminal is part of barbiturate drugs. These are tranquilizers and used as antiallergic drugs.
Hence (i), (iv) are correct option

Question:29

Which of the following are anionic detergents?
(i) Sodium salts of sulfonated long-chain alcohol.
(ii) Ester of stearic acid and polyethene glycol.
(iii) Quarternary ammonium salt of an amine with acetate ion.
(iv) Sodium salts of sulfonated long-chain hydrocarbons.
Answer:

Detergents are basically cleansing agents used ins washing of clothes and cleansing purposes. They are similar to soap in purpose but different in chemical structure. Detergents are of three types namely cationic, anionic, and non-ionic. So, the correct options are option (i) Sodium salts of sulfonated long-chain alcohol (anionic detergents) and (iv) Sodium salts of sulfonated long-chain hydrocarbons.

Question:30

Which of the following statements are correct?
(i) Cationic detergents have germicidal properties
(ii) Bacteria can degrade the detergents containing highly branched chains.
(iii) Some synthetic detergents can give foam even in ice-cold water.
(iv) Synthetic detergents are not soaps
Answer:

The use of detergents is very prominent. They clear out dirt, grease, and impurities by making them more soluble. But some other properties of detergents include germicidal property in cationic detergents, strong detergents can also give foam in ice-cold water and synthetic detergents are not soaps. Therefore, Option (i), (iii), and (iv) are the answers.

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 16: Short Answer Type

Question:31

What is the average molecular mass of drugs?
Answer:

The average estimated molecular mass of drugs ranges from 100-500u

Question:32

Write the uses of medicines.
Answer:

Medicines are a crucial part of the modern world; these are used to treat diseases and maintain overall health in our daily life. Medicines are of numerous types depending on their usage, such as infections, viral diseases, etc.

Question:33

What are antiseptics?
Answer:

In the case of a wound or cuts, antiseptics are used to prevent infection due to microbial growth at the place. They can kill a wide range of microorganisms from bacterial, fungus, and even viruses in some cases.

Question:34

Which type of drugs comes under antimicrobial drugs?
Answer:

The drugs used to treat the growth of microorganisms for both external and internal body areas are classified as antibacterial drugs. The most common categories of this medicine are antiseptics, antibiotics, and sulpha drugs.

Question:35

Where are receptors located?
Answer:

Receptors are the biological transducers responsible for accepting the various medicine substrates. They are present on the surface of cells or in the cytoplasm of cells.

Question:36

What is the harmful effect of hyperacidity?
Answer:

Hyperacidity is a very serious stomach condition caused due to the release of a large amount of acid, it can cause chronic pains due to the development of ulcers or gastric reflexes.

Question:37

Which site of an enzyme is called allosteric site?
Answer:

Enzymes contain two binding sites; one is used in the binding of drugs to take their action in the body. The other site available for various chemical reactions of the human body is termed an allosteric site.

Question:38

What type of forces are involved in binding of substrate to the active site of an enzyme?
Answer:

The binding of the substrate to the active site of the enzyme is a significant step in all chemical reactions of the body. The forces involved in their binding are
i) hydrogen bonding
ii) ionic bonds
iii) Van der Waal force
iv) dipole interaction

Question:39

What is the commonality between the antibiotic arsphenamine and azodye?
Answer:

Antibiotic arsphenamine and azodye are similar in terms of their linkage type. The linkage in arsphenamine is –As=As- linkage which is very similar to –N=N- linkage in azodye

Question:40

Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills?
Answer:

The category of sleeping pills is termed as tranquilizers in the medical world. These drugs are designed and used for treating fear, anxiety, and mental distractions.

Question:41

Aspirin is a pain relieving antipyretic drug but can be used to prevent heart attack. Explain.
Answer:

Other than being a pain-relieving antipyretic drug, aspirin also has a side effect on the thickness of bold. It prevents blood clotting and makes the consistency thin, thus helping in the prevention of heart attack.

Question:42

Both antacids and antiallergic drugs are antihistamines, but they cannot replace each other. Explain why?
Answer:

Both antacids and antiallergic drugs are categorized under antihistamines due to their working pathway, but they cannot be replaced. Since antacids are responsible for neutralizes excess acid present in the stomach, antiallergic drugs act to prevent the action of histamine produced in the body in case of an allergic reaction. Having different body receptors and purpose, they cannot be replaced.

Question:43

What is a soft soap?
Answer:

Soft soaps are mainly constituted of potassium salts of fatty acid, and they dissolve very easily.

Question:44

If the soap has high alkali content it irritates the skin. How can the amount of excess alkali be determined? What can be the source of excess alkali?
Answer:

To determine the excess presence of alkali content in the soap, acid-base titration can be used. The common source of excess alkali in soaps is the hydrolysis of oil during soap preparation results in alkali formation that might irritate the skin.

Question:45

Explain why sometimes foaming is seen in river water near the place where sewage water is poured after treatment?
Answer:

Detergents, which are water-soluble cleaning agents, have used that combine with the impurities and dirt. The non-biodegradable detergents used from washing clothes to bathing causes the foam formation in water bodies as they cannot be treated in the sewage treatment methods.

Question:46

Which category of the synthetic detergents is used in toothpaste?
Answer:

The synthetic detergents present in toothpaste comes under the anionic category. Common examples include sodium or ammonium lauryl sulfate

Question:47

Hair shampoos belong to which class of synthetic detergent?
Answer:

The shampoo contains cationic detergents such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The chemical nature of these cationic detergents is quaternary ammonium salts of acetates, chlorides, or bromides.

Question:48

Dishwashing soaps are synthetic detergents. What is their chemical nature?
Answer:

The dishwashing soaps contain synthetic detergents which are of non-ionic nature. They have good cleansing property by combining with the impurities and dirt, making them more soluble and easier to wash away.

Question:49

Draw the diagram showing micelle formation by the following detergent. CH_3(CH_2)_{10}CH_2OSO_3^-Na^{+}
Answer:

The functioning of every detergent and soap involves micelle formation. The micelle structure formed by the detergent is -

CH_3(CH_2)_{10}CH_2OSO_3^-Na^{+}

Question:50

How does the branching of the hydrocarbon chain of synthetic detergents affect their biodegradability?
Answer:

Detergents are made up of long chains of hydrocarbons with extensive branching, this makes the molecule difficult to degrade or break b natural process. Thus, it becomes a major cause of water pollution. The smaller number of chains and branching makes the molecule easier to degrade through biological processes.

Question:51

Why is it safer to use soap from the environmental point of view?
Answer:

Due to smaller hydrocarbon chains and minimal branching, soaps are easily biodegradable compared to detergents as their molecules are easier to break. So, from an environmental point of view, soaps are a better option.

Question:52

What are analgesics?

Answer:

Analgesics are the drugs used to reduce pain; these are neurologically active drugs and do not have any side effects, unlike other drugs

Question:53

What is the scientific explanation for the feeling of depression?
Answer:

When seen from a scientific point of view, this state is caused by a hormone named noradrenaline, whose major purpose is to control mood swings. When the levels of noradrenaline drop, it hampers with the signal activities of brain functioning.

Question:54

What is the basic difference between antiseptics and disinfectants?

Answer:

Antiseptics and disinfectants are very similar in their end purpose, but the path followed, and the target is different. Antiseptics are safe for living tissues, unlike disinfectants that are used on non-living substances. They both are antimicrobial, but antiseptics are used to prevent microbial growth on cuts and wounds, but the target of disinfectants are surfaces like floors and toilets to kill microbes.

Question:55

Between sodium hydrogen carbonate and magnesium hydroxide, which is a better antacid and why?
Answer:

Magnesium hydroxide is a hydroxide antacid completely treats acidity by maintaining the pH of the stomach and is also insoluble in the stomach whereas carbonated antacids like sodium hydrogen carbonate make the nature of stomach alkaline which results in releasing larger amounts of acid.

Question:56

Which analgesics are called opiates
Answer:

The medicine obtained from opium poppy is known as opiates and are also known as narcotic analgesics. The examples include morphine and its derivatives such as codeine and morphine diacetate (heroin).

Question:57

What is the medicinal use of narcotic drugs?
Answer:

Narcotics are administered to produce sleep and relieve pain. They are prescribed to patients for postoperative pain, terminal cancer, childbirth, and cardiac pain.

Question:58

What are antagonistic drugs?
Answer:

Antagonistic drugs inhibit the natural function of the receptor site by binding to it. The most common example is cimetidine antacid drugs.

Question:59

What is the mode of action of antimicrobial drugs?
Answer:

As the name indicates, antimicrobial drugs are designed to eradicate microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or other parasites. The pathogenic action caused by the microbes is also inhibited by the drugs.

Question:60

What is the side product of soap industry? Give reactions showing soap formation.
Answer:

The key side product of soap formation in the soap industry is glycerol.

Question:61

What is the difference between bathing soap and washing soaps?
Answer:

The major difference between bathing soaps and washing soaps is their chemical composition. Bathing soaps are the potassium salts of long-chain fatty acids, but washing soaps are sodium salts of long-chain fatty acids. Bathing soaps do not contain any unused alkali and are soft at touch. Washing soaps are hard and have residual alkali in them.

Question:62

How are transparent soaps manufactured?
Answer:

When the soap is dissolved, and the excess solvent is evaporated, it results in the formation of transparent soaps.

Question:63

What is the advantage of using antihistamines over antacids in the treatment of acidity

Answer:

The target of antacid drugs is the excess acid produced in the stomach and neutralizing it; thus, they only control the symptoms but the cause of excess acid production. When antihistamine drugs are taken instead of antacids, they directly attack the receptors and prevent histamine from attaching to the active site responsible for acid production and inhibit their functions. This way the medicine used to cure the problem rather than treating only the symptoms. That’s why antihistamines are preferred over antacids.

Question:64

What are the functions performed by histamine in the body?
Answer:

Histamine plays many vital human body functions; it controls the muscle of the gut and bronchi. It controls muscle relaxation of fine blood vessels and is also responsible for congestions related to the common cold and allergies in the nose. It regulates the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach and releases pepsin.

Question:65

With the help of an example explain how do tranquillizers control the feeling of depression?
Answer:

The chemical responsible for the mood swings in the state of depression is called noradrenaline. Low level of this compound results in-person feeling the imbalance in emotions, and this prolonged state can result in depression.

Question:66

Why are certain drugs called enzyme inhibitors?
Answer:

Enzymes control all the human body functions at the ground state, and they contain multiple active sites that are substrate-specific and carry out the normal biochemical reactions. There are many drugs available that can block the active site interaction between enzyme and substrate. This eradicates the catalytic property of the enzyme, thus making the reactions slow. Therefore, these types of drugs called inhibitors.

Question:67

What are fillers and what role these fillers play in soap?

Answer:

Due to the diverse application of soaps, each type contains specific constituents to fulfil their role, these substances which provide a soap, these specificity properties are known as fillers. In shaving soaps, glycerol acts as a filler to stop the rapid drying of the soap. In laundry soaps, many fillers are present to increase the ability to form leather-like sodium rosinate, sodium silicate, borax, and sodium carbonate. In medical soaps, fillers are added to give it properties like antibacterial, antifungal, etc. Soap deodorants also include the addition of fillers.

Question:68

Sugar is the main source of energy as it produces energy on metabolic decomposition. But these days low chloride drinks are more popular, why?
Answer:

People are very conscious about their intake of calories intoday’s world, but the intake of sweet beverages is on the rise even though it contains sugar content. This is due to the usage of artificial sweetening agents produced synthetically in these drinks. Due to their non-metabolizing property, they do not increase calorie intake.

Question:69

Pickles have a long shelf life and do not get spoiled for months, why?
Answer:

To increase the shelf life of food products, they contain preservatives to avoid spoilage. The preservatives present in pickle includes Table salt, sugar vegetable oils, and sodium benzoate, etc. Hence, moisture or air is not able to enter the material and pickles can stay edible for months

Question:70

What is the difference between saccharin and saccharic acid?
Answer:

The name is very similar, but they are two completely different compounds, saccharin is an artificial sweetener also known as (o-sulpho benzoicimide), but saccharic acid is an inorganic compound obtained by oxidation of glucose in the presence of cone. HNO3 known as dicarboxylic acid.

Question:71

Name an artificial sweetener which is derivative of sucrose.
Answer:

The artificial sweetener named sucralose is a trichloro glucose derivative. It is widely used due to no-calorie production or tooth decay risk; it is 600 times sweeter than sucrose.

Question:72

Name two α-amino acids which form a dipeptide which is 100 times more sweet than cane sugar?
Answer:

Two a-amino acids forming methyl ester of dipeptide are Aspartic acid and phenylalanine. The name of the ester is aspartame which is an artificial sweetener and is 100 times sweeter than cane sugar.

Question:73

Aspartame is unstable at cooking temperature, where would you suggest aspartame to be used for sweetening?

Answer:

When aspartame is added at cooking temperature, it gets denatured due to less stable composition. Thus, it can be used only as a sweetener in soft drinks and cold foods.

Question:74

Sodium salts of some acids are Very useful as food preservatives. Suggest a few such acids.
Answer:

Some commonly used sodium acid salts as food preservatives include salts of benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and propanoic acid, etc.

Question:75

Explain the role of allosteric site in enzyme inhibition?
Answer:

Some drugs bind to the enzyme to inhibit its natural functioning, but the mechanism followed may differ in the drugs. Sometimes instead of the active site, the drugs bind to the second site known as the allosteric site that results in changing the shape of the active site. This change makes the active site unrecognizable to the substrate; hence no bonding can take place. This is a rather permanent approach if the attachment is by covalent bond formation, as it eradicates the affinity between the site and its substrate. To overcome this situation, sometimes the body generates a completely new enzyme and discards the previous one.

Question:76

How are receptor proteins located in the cell membrane?
Answer:

The receptor proteins are arranged in a specific manner so as to project out their active sites towards the surface, and they open in the outer region of the membrane. The proteins are embedded in the cell membrane

Question:77

What happens when the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor is a strong covalent bond?
Answer:

The inhibitor drugs act by bonding with the enzyme at either the active site or allosteric site. If they are connected via a covalent bond, the bond is exceedingly difficult to break and requires a large amount of energy, thus blocking the enzyme permanently.

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 16: Matching Type

Question:78

Match the medicines given in Column I with their use given in Column II.

Column I

Column II

(i) Ranitidin

(a) Tranquilizer

(ii) Furacine

(b) Antibiotic

(iii) Phenelzine

(c) Antihistamine

(iv) Chloramphenicol

(d) Antiseptic


(e) Antifertility drug

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Answer:

The correct match of the medicines and their role is- (i —> c), (ii —» d), (iii —» a), (iv —» b)
(i) Ranitidine – It is used to inhibit the histamine interaction with enzyme receptors in the stomach wall. It directly regulates the production of hydrochloric acid and pepsin.
(ii) Furacine – It is applied to kill the microbes on the living tissues and also prevent their growth. Thus, it is an antiseptic.
(iii) Phenelzine – Commonly known as Nardil. It is used for treating depression, and its structure is

(iv) Chloramphenicol – It is taken to cure a wide range of diseases like acute fever, dysentery, certain urinary infections, meningitis, and pneumonia. It classified as a broad-spectrum antibiotic.

Question:79

Match the soaps given in Column I with items given in Column II.

Answer:

The right match of the above options are - (i ->b), (ii —» a), (iii —» d), (iv —> c)
(i) Soap chips – as the name suggests, are formed spreading and cooling the melted soap and then cutting it into small pieces.
(ii) Soap granules are made due to the drying of small soap bubbles.
(iii) To enhance the action of soaps, the soap powder contains builders such as sodium carbonate and trisodium phosphate. (iv) The components present in scouring soaps include Scouring soaps contain soap powder, a scouring agent (abrasive) such as powdered pumice, or finely divided sand and builders.

Question:80

Match structures given in Column I with the type of detergents given in Column II.

Answer:

The correct match of the structure with their type of detergent are - (i —> c), (ii —> d), (iii —> b), (iv -> a)

Question:81

Match the detergents given in Column I with their uses given in Column II.

Answer:

The detergent components and their use are matches as follows -(i —> c), (ii —> d), (iii —> b), (iv —> a)
(i) The detergents used in hair shampoos/conditioners are cationic, containing quaternary ammonium salts of amines along with chlorides, bromides or acetates, etc. Examples of cationic detergent are cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide.
(ii) Toothpaste contains anionic detergents for e.g., sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate. Their preparation is as follows


(iii) The fillers in laundry soaps enhance the leather forming ability, and the examples include sodium rosinate, Sodium silicate, borax, and sodium carbonate.
(iv) Dishwashing powder contains non-ionic detergents.

Question:82

Match the class of compounds given in Column I with their functions given in Column II.

Answer:

The correct match of compounds with their functions is - (i —> b), (ii —> d), (iii —> a), (iv —> e), (v —> c)
(i) Antagonist drugs are used for inhibiting the functioning of specific enzyme receptors. For example, to block the dopamine receptors by receptor antagonism, the drug used is of the dopamine antagonist category.
(ii) Agonist drugs are used and effective only in the absence of a chemical messenger, e.g. heroin
(iii) Chemical messengers are responsible for communicating the message from two neurons and that between neurons to muscles. These compounds are present at the site of binding in receptors.
(iv) The role of inhibitors is to block the binding site of the receptors hence hindering the catalytic activity of the enzymes
(v) Receptors are very significant for the body as these proteins are present in the cell membrane to transmit and communicate with other cells.

Question:83

Match the classes of drugs given in Column I with their action given in Column II.


Answer:

The correct match for the mentioned drugs and their actions is - (i —> e), (ii -> f), (iii —> d), (iv —> g), (v -> b), (vi —> a), (vii —» c)
(i) Analgesics are commonly called pain killers; they reduce or abolish pain without any major side effects like mental confusion. E.g. aspirin
(ii) These are the class of drugs which kill and stop the growth of microbes on living tissues during wound healing, e.g. tincture of iodine.
(iii) Antihistamines are prescribed for allergic reactions. They inhibit the natural functioning of histamine by binding to the receptors site, e.g. Seldane.
(iv) Antacids are used to neutralize the excess production of acid in the stomach causing acidity, e.g., a mixture of Mg(OFl)2 and Al(OH)3.
(v) These drugs are administered to treat mental illness like stress and anxiety, e.g., Equanil.
(vi) Antibiotics have used the concept of killing bacteria by other bacteria, they are used for mild infections, and due to less toxicity, they are considered very effective, e.g., chloramphenicol.
(vii) Disinfectants also have the same role as antiseptic, but these are applied onto non-living components due to unsafe nature, e.g., 1 percent solution of phenol.

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 16: Assertion and Reason Type

Question:84

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct statement but reason does not explain assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason explains the assertion.
(iii) Both assertion and reason are wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is correct statement reason is wrong statement.
(v) Assertion is wrong statement reason is correct statement.
Assertion (A): Penicillin (G) is an antihistamine.
Reason (R): Penicillin (G) is effective against gram positive as well as gram negative bacteria.

Answer:

(iii) Penicillin (G) does not kill gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as it’s not a broad-spectrum antibiotic so Both assertion and reason are wrong statement.

Question:85

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct statement but reason does not explain assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason explains the assertion.
(iii) Both assertion and reason are wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is correct statement reason is wrong statement.
(v) Assertion is wrong statement reason is correct statement.
Assertion (A): Sulpha drug contain sulphonamide group.
Reason (R): Salvarsan is a sulpha drug.

Answer:

(iv) Assertion is correct statement reason is wrong statement.

Question:86

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct statement but reason does not explain assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason explains the assertion.
(iii) Both assertion and reason are wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is correct statement reason is wrong statement.
(v) Assertion is wrong statement reason is correct statement.

Assertion (A): Receptors are crucial to body’s communication process.
Reason (R): Receptors are proteins.

Answer:

i) Human body contains a specific system for message transfer from cell to cell. And the factors transferring the messages are Neurotransmitters, small molecules. After message transfer, there is no change in the shape of neurotransmitters, and the receptors present are proteins.

Question:87

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct statement but reason does not explain assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason explains the assertion.
(iii) Both assertion and reason are wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is correct statement reason is wrong statement.
(v) Assertion is wrong statement reason is correct statement.
Assertion (A): Enzymes have active sites that hold substrate molecule for a chemical reaction.
Reason (R): Drugs compete with natural substrate by attaching covalently to the active site of enzyme.

Answer:

(iv) To compete for the binding at the active site of receptors, inhibitor drugs compete with the natural substrate by attaching with bonds like H-bonding, van der Waals interaction, etc.

Question:88

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct statement but reason does not explain assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason explains the assertion.
(iii) Both assertion and reason are wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is correct statement reason is wrong statement.
(v) Assertion is wrong statement reason is correct statement.
Assertion (A): Chemical messengers are chemicals that enable communication of message between two neutrons or between neurons and muscles.
Reason (R): Chemicals enter the cell through receptor.

Answer:

(iv) The chemical messengers communicate by attaching to the active site of enzymes on the cell membrane, but they cannot enter the cell through the receptors.

Question:89

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct statement but reason does not explain assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason explains the assertion.
(iii) Both assertion and reason are wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is correct statement reason is wrong statement.
(v) Assertion is wrong statement reason is correct statement.
Assertion (A): Transparent soaps are made by dissolving soaps in ethanol.
Reason (R): Ethanol makes things invisible.

Answer:

(iv) Assertion is correct statement reason is wrong statement.

Question:90

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct statement but reason does not explain assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason explains the assertion.
(iii) Both assertion and reason are wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is correct statement reason is wrong statement.
(v) Assertion is wrong statement reason is correct statement.
Assertion (A): Sodium chloride is added to precipitate soap after saponification.
Reason (R): Hydrolysis of esters of long chain fatty acids by alkali produces soap in colloidal form.

Answer:

(ii) When esters of long-chain fatty acids are hydrolyzed with an alkali, it results in saponification. The process of soap formation but the soap produced as the end result is in colloidal form due to the addition of sodium chloride for precipitation purposes.

Question:91

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct statement but reason does not explain assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason explains the assertion.
(iii) Both assertion and reason are wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is correct statement reason is wrong statement.
(v) Assertion is wrong statement reason is correct statement.
Assertion (A): Competitive inhibitors compete with natural substrate for their attachment on the active sites of enzymes.
Reason (R): In competitive inhibition, inhibitor binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme.

Answer:

(iv) When the inhibitor drugs use the competitive mechanism of action they bind to the active site of the enzyme.

Question:92

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct statement but reason does not explain assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason explains the assertion.
(iii) Both assertion and reason are wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is correct statement reason is wrong statement.
(v) Assertion is wrong statement reason is correct statement.

Assertion (A): Non-competitive inhibitor inhibits the catalytic activity of enzyme by binding with its active site.
Reason (R): Non-competitive inhibitors changes the shape of the active site in such a way that substrate cannot recognize it.

Answer:

(v) Assertion is wrong statement reason is correct statement.

Question:93

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct statement but reason does not explain assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason explains the assertion.
(iii) Both assertion and reason are wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is correct statement reason is wrong statement.
(v) Assertion is wrong statement reason is correct statement.

Assertion (A): Chemical messenger gives message to the cell without entering the cell.
Reason (R): Chemical messenger is received at the binding site of receptor proteins.

Answer:

(ii) while transferring messages to cells, the chemical messengers do not enter in the cell as they attach to the active site of receptors in the cell membrane and detach after message transmission.

Question:94

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct statement but reason does not explain assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason explains the assertion.
(iii) Both assertion and reason are wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is correct statement reason is wrong statement.
(v) Assertion is wrong statement reason is correct statement.

Assertion (A): Receptor proteins show selectivity for one chemical messenger over the other.
Reason (R): Chemical messenger binds to the receptor site and inhibits its natural function.

Answer:

(iv) the message is transferred by the chemical messenger after its binding to the receptor site with going in the cell.

Question:95

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct statement but reason does not explain assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason explains the assertion.
(iii) Both assertion and reason are wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is correct statement reason is wrong statement.
(v) Assertion is wrong statement reason is correct statement.

Assertion (A): All chemicals added to food items are called food preservatives.
Reason (R): All these chemicals increase the nutritive value of the food.

Answer:

(iii) To increase the shelf life of food products and prevent any microbial growth like bacteria, mould, or fungus, some chemicals are added that are known as a preservative. They do not contain any nutritive value.

Question:96

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct statement but reason does not explain assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason explains the assertion.
(iii) Both assertion and reason are wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is correct statement reason is wrong statement.
(v) Assertion is wrong statement reason is correct statement.

Assertion (A): Preservative are added to food items.
Reason (R): Preservatives inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

Answer:

(ii) Preservatives protects the food from spoilage due to microbial growth and increase the shelf life.

Question:97

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct statement but reason does not explain assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason explains the assertion.
(iii) Both assertion and reason are wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is correct statement reason is wrong statement.
(v) Assertion is wrong statement reason is correct statement.

Assertion (A): Artificial sweeteners are added to the food to control the intake of calories.
Reason (R): Most of the artificial sweeteners are inert and do not metabolize in the body.

Answer:

(ii) Because of the inert nature of artificial sweeteners, they do not metabolize; thus, they don’t have any calorific value.

NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 16: Long Answer Type

Question:98

In what respect do prontosil and Salvarsan resemble. Is there any resemblance between azo dye and prontosil? Explain.
Answer:

Both prontosil and Salvarsan have classified under the same category, i.e. antibacterial (antimicrobial) drugs, they were discovered by Paul Ehrlich. The other name for Salvarsan is arsphenamine and its molecule being organoarsenic has a -As = As- double bond.

Due to the same category, they have similarities in their structure. The linkage in Salvarsan is -As = As- and prontosil contains -N = N- linkage.


Question:99

How do enzymes catalyze a chemical reaction in the living system? Explain drug target interaction taking the example of an enzyme as target.
Answer:

Enzymes play the main role in biochemical reactions as they are the catalysts, their types of mechanisms of catalyzes are -
(i) The active site of the enzyme captures the substrate and holds it in a particular position so as to react effectively with the substrate. Some of the types of forces involved in binding of the substrate with the active site include ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals, dipole-dipole, interactions.
(ii) Enzymes also work as a catalyst by providing functional groups to attack the substrate in order to complete the chemical reactions. This role is acted out by amino acid residues of protein found on the enzyme’s’ active site. They attack the substrate to carry out chemical reactions. The enzyme inhibitor drugs hinder this process by blocking the active site attachment of the substrate.

Question:100

Synthetic detergents have an advantage over usual soaps as far as cleansing power is concerned. But the use of synthetic detergents over a long time creates environmental pollution. How can the pollution caused by synthetic detergents be minimized? Classify the detergents according to their chemical nature.
Answer:

Synthetically manufactured detergents have the characteristic properties of soap, but they do not contain soap. And due to its ability to work in both hard water and soft water, they are highly preferred. Detergents are divided into three categories depending on their chemical nature -
(i) Anionic detergents – These are constituted of long chains of hydrocarbons or alcohols and sodium alkylbenzene. They are designed for cleansing purposes. e.g., CH_3(CH_2)_{10}CH_2OSO_3^{-} Na^{+}
(ii) Cationic detergents – cationic detergents contain the quaternary ammonium salts of chlorides, bromides, or acetates as anions.

(iii) Non-ionic detergents – These detergents do not have any ion present in their constitute, for example, CH_3(CH_2)_{16}COO(CH_2CH_2O)_nCH_2CH_2OH, formed using stearic acid and polyethylene glycol.

To combat the pollution caused by detergents, the hydrocarbon chains can be made shorter and less branched to make the compound biodegradable

Question:101

What are enzyme inhibitors? Classify them on the basis of their mode of attachments on the active site of enzymes. With the help of diagrams explains how do inhibitors inhibit the enzymatic activity.
Answer:

The role of enzymes inhibitors is to bind to the enzyme site so as to block the attachment of the substrate to the active site. -This overall inhibits the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Their mode of action is -
(i) By following the competitive mechanism approach, they challenge the substrate for attachment to the active site of the enzyme. These drugs are known as competitive inhibitor.
(ii) The second mechanism includes the bonding of the inhibitor drug with the allosteric site. It changes the shape of the active site completely, thus making it unrecognizable to the substrate. These are called a non-competitive inhibitor. Due to the bond formed between the two is a strong covalent bond, it is a rather permanent inhibition of the substrate.

In NCERT exemplar solutions for Class 12 Chemistry chapter 16, we would learn the different types of drugs and their specifications, their interaction with several receptors and enzymes, the medicinal relief offered by different classes of drugs, the preservatives, antioxidants present in our food, and the cleansing action of soaps and detergents.

Class 12 Chemistry NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 16 would help you gain knowledge and curiosity about how things function around you and introduce you to many vital questions that would help you ace your 12 boards and other competitive exams.

Also, check - NCERT Solutions for Class 12, Other Subjects

All of which are detailed in the NCERT exemplar Class 12 Chemistry chapter 16 solutions which by utilising the NCERT exemplar Class 12 Chemistry solutions chapter 16 pdf download function students can make learning even more convenient as they will get access to quality study material effectively constructed by experts for the best learning experience.

Main Subtopics of NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life

  • Drugs and their Classification
  • Classification of Drugs
  • Drug-Target Interaction
  • Enzymes as Drug Targets
  • Receptors as Drug Targets
  • Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs
  • Antacids
  • Antihistamines
  • Neurologically Active Drugs
  • Antimicrobials
  • Antifertility Drugs
  • Chemicals in Food
  • Artificial Sweetening Agents
  • Food Preservatives
  • Antioxidants in Food
  • Cleansing Agents
  • Soaps
  • Synthetic Detergents
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NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 16 Solutions - Learning Outcome

  • NCERT exemplar Class 12 Chemistry solutions chapter 16 helps in learning daily life, including Soaps and detergents that act as cleaning agents with a 'head' which likes water (hydrophilic) and a long chain that hates it (hydrophobic), to surround dirt and wash it away from dishes, clothes, and our bodies.

  • Chemistry is the critical constituent of digestion to break down large molecules into essential vitamins and nutrients absorbed by the body for growth. Many drugs like painkillers, antifertility, and antibiotics give us medical relief immediately by attacking the pathogens inside our body and developing a resistant layer to diseases.

  • Our foods remain safe due to the use of preservatives like Benzoates, Sorbates – including potassium sorbate, calcium sorbate, and Propionates, etc. We also add artificial sugars and antioxidants to our food to keep it preserved and taste good. All this information can be fetched from Class 12 Chemistry NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 16.

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NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions

Important Topics in NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life

  • NCERT exemplar solutions for Class 12 Chemistry chapter 16 has detailed that Drugs and their classification as prescription and non-prescription drugs, different types of drugs, and the reason for creating and consuming drugs are important topics. Other than that, the chemicals used in the process of creation of drugs, different ailments for which drugs are made, chemicals in food, cleaning agents, soap, synthetic detergents are also important topics which students should pay extra attention to.

  • NCERT exemplar Class 12 Chemistry chapter 16 solutions also prioritises the importance of Chemistry in our daily lives, explain different terms like antacids, antimicrobials, antifertility, and antihistamine drugs, classify drugs based on their uses, study drug-target interaction, and be aware of the reactions around us.

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Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

1. 1. Why is NCERT exemplar Class 12 Chemistry solutions chapter 16 are important?

 They cover a very crucial aspect of everyday chemistry, as it explains how and where chemical reactions take place in daily life.

2. 2. How many questions are included in this chapter?

In total 27 questions from the main exercise of the chapter are solved in complete detail as per the CBSE pattern.

3. 3. What all things are included in the Class 12 Chemistry NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 16?

The NCERT exemplar solutions for Class 12 Chemistry chapter 16 are detailed and have all the important features included in it, like the theoretical explanation, diagrams and chemical reactions with examples.

4. 4. Where these Class 12 Chemistry NCERT exemplar solutions chapter 16 used?

These solutions can be used while preparing the chapter for exams, as it will help in getting a good grip on learning the topics in a better way.

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Questions related to CBSE Class 12th

Have a question related to CBSE Class 12th ?

hello,

Yes you can appear for the compartment paper again since CBSE gives three chances to a candidate to clear his/her exams so you still have two more attempts. However, you can appear for your improvement paper for all subjects but you cannot appear for the ones in which you have failed.

I hope this was helpful!

Good Luck

Hello dear,

If you was not able to clear 1st compartment and now you giving second compartment so YES, you can go for your improvement exam next year but if a student receives an improvement, they are given the opportunity to retake the boards as a private candidate the following year, but there are some requirements. First, the student must pass all of their subjects; if they received a compartment in any subject, they must then pass the compartment exam before being eligible for the improvement.


As you can registered yourself as private candidate for giving your improvement exam of 12 standard CBSE(Central Board of Secondary Education).For that you have to wait for a whole year which is bit difficult for you.


Positive side of waiting for whole year is you have a whole year to preparing yourself for your examination. You have no distraction or something which may causes your failure in the exams. In whole year you have to stay focused on your 12 standard examination for doing well in it. By this you get a highest marks as a comparison of others.


Believe in Yourself! You can make anything happen


All the very best.

Hello Student,

I appreciate your Interest in education. See the improvement is not restricted to one subject or multiple subjects  and  we cannot say if improvement in one subject in one year leads to improvement in more subjects in coming year.

You just need to have a revision of all subjects what you have completed in the school. have a revision and practice of subjects and concepts helps you better.

All the best.

If you'll do hard work then by hard work of 6 months you can achieve your goal but you have to start studying for it dont waste your time its a very important year so please dont waste it otherwise you'll regret.

Yes, you can take admission in class 12th privately there are many colleges in which you can give 12th privately.

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A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single body. The energy loss during the collision is

Option 1)

0.34\; J

Option 2)

0.16\; J

Option 3)

1.00\; J

Option 4)

0.67\; J

A person trying to lose weight by burning fat lifts a mass of 10 kg upto a height of 1 m 1000 times.  Assume that the potential energy lost each time he lowers the mass is dissipated.  How much fat will he use up considering the work done only when the weight is lifted up ?  Fat supplies 3.8×107 J of energy per kg which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate.  Take g = 9.8 ms−2 :

Option 1)

2.45×10−3 kg

Option 2)

 6.45×10−3 kg

Option 3)

 9.89×10−3 kg

Option 4)

12.89×10−3 kg

 

An athlete in the olympic games covers a distance of 100 m in 10 s. His kinetic energy can be estimated to be in the range

Option 1)

2,000 \; J - 5,000\; J

Option 2)

200 \, \, J - 500 \, \, J

Option 3)

2\times 10^{5}J-3\times 10^{5}J

Option 4)

20,000 \, \, J - 50,000 \, \, J

A particle is projected at 600   to the horizontal with a kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at the highest point

Option 1)

K/2\,

Option 2)

\; K\;

Option 3)

zero\;

Option 4)

K/4

In the reaction,

2Al_{(s)}+6HCL_{(aq)}\rightarrow 2Al^{3+}\, _{(aq)}+6Cl^{-}\, _{(aq)}+3H_{2(g)}

Option 1)

11.2\, L\, H_{2(g)}  at STP  is produced for every mole HCL_{(aq)}  consumed

Option 2)

6L\, HCl_{(aq)}  is consumed for ever 3L\, H_{2(g)}      produced

Option 3)

33.6 L\, H_{2(g)} is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts

Option 4)

67.2\, L\, H_{2(g)} at STP is produced for every mole Al that reacts .

How many moles of magnesium phosphate, Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2} will contain 0.25 mole of oxygen atoms?

Option 1)

0.02

Option 2)

3.125 × 10-2

Option 3)

1.25 × 10-2

Option 4)

2.5 × 10-2

If we consider that 1/6, in place of 1/12, mass of carbon atom is taken to be the relative atomic mass unit, the mass of one mole of a substance will

Option 1)

decrease twice

Option 2)

increase two fold

Option 3)

remain unchanged

Option 4)

be a function of the molecular mass of the substance.

With increase of temperature, which of these changes?

Option 1)

Molality

Option 2)

Weight fraction of solute

Option 3)

Fraction of solute present in water

Option 4)

Mole fraction.

Number of atoms in 558.5 gram Fe (at. wt.of Fe = 55.85 g mol-1) is

Option 1)

twice that in 60 g carbon

Option 2)

6.023 × 1022

Option 3)

half that in 8 g He

Option 4)

558.5 × 6.023 × 1023

A pulley of radius 2 m is rotated about its axis by a force F = (20t - 5t2) newton (where t is measured in seconds) applied tangentially. If the moment of inertia of the pulley about its axis of rotation is 10 kg m2 , the number of rotations made by the pulley before its direction of motion if reversed, is

Option 1)

less than 3

Option 2)

more than 3 but less than 6

Option 3)

more than 6 but less than 9

Option 4)

more than 9

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3 Jobs Available
Cartographer

How fascinating it is to represent the whole world on just a piece of paper or a sphere. With the help of maps, we are able to represent the real world on a much smaller scale. Individuals who opt for a career as a cartographer are those who make maps. But, cartography is not just limited to maps, it is about a mixture of art, science, and technology. As a cartographer, not only you will create maps but use various geodetic surveys and remote sensing systems to measure, analyse, and create different maps for political, cultural or educational purposes.

3 Jobs Available
Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

4 Jobs Available
Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

3 Jobs Available
Product Manager

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

3 Jobs Available
Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

3 Jobs Available
Finance Executive
3 Jobs Available
Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

3 Jobs Available
Investment Director

An investment director is a person who helps corporations and individuals manage their finances. They can help them develop a strategy to achieve their goals, including paying off debts and investing in the future. In addition, he or she can help individuals make informed decisions.

2 Jobs Available
Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

5 Jobs Available
Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

3 Jobs Available
Plumber

An expert in plumbing is aware of building regulations and safety standards and works to make sure these standards are upheld. Testing pipes for leakage using air pressure and other gauges, and also the ability to construct new pipe systems by cutting, fitting, measuring and threading pipes are some of the other more involved aspects of plumbing. Individuals in the plumber career path are self-employed or work for a small business employing less than ten people, though some might find working for larger entities or the government more desirable.

2 Jobs Available
Construction Manager

Individuals who opt for a career as construction managers have a senior-level management role offered in construction firms. Responsibilities in the construction management career path are assigning tasks to workers, inspecting their work, and coordinating with other professionals including architects, subcontractors, and building services engineers.

2 Jobs Available
Urban Planner

Urban Planning careers revolve around the idea of developing a plan to use the land optimally, without affecting the environment. Urban planning jobs are offered to those candidates who are skilled in making the right use of land to distribute the growing population, to create various communities. 

Urban planning careers come with the opportunity to make changes to the existing cities and towns. They identify various community needs and make short and long-term plans accordingly.

2 Jobs Available
Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description: A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

2 Jobs Available
Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

2 Jobs Available
Naval Architect

A Naval Architect is a professional who designs, produces and repairs safe and sea-worthy surfaces or underwater structures. A Naval Architect stays involved in creating and designing ships, ferries, submarines and yachts with implementation of various principles such as gravity, ideal hull form, buoyancy and stability. 

2 Jobs Available
Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

6 Jobs Available
Veterinary Doctor
5 Jobs Available
Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

5 Jobs Available
Speech Therapist
4 Jobs Available
Gynaecologist

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

4 Jobs Available
Oncologist

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

3 Jobs Available
Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

3 Jobs Available
Hospital Administrator

The hospital Administrator is in charge of organising and supervising the daily operations of medical services and facilities. This organising includes managing of organisation’s staff and its members in service, budgets, service reports, departmental reporting and taking reminders of patient care and services.

2 Jobs Available
Actor

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

4 Jobs Available
Acrobat

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

3 Jobs Available
Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

3 Jobs Available
Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

3 Jobs Available
Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

2 Jobs Available
Videographer
2 Jobs Available
Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

2 Jobs Available
Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

2 Jobs Available
Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism, Advertising, Marketing Management. Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

5 Jobs Available
Journalist

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

3 Jobs Available
Publisher

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

3 Jobs Available
Vlogger

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

3 Jobs Available
Editor

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

3 Jobs Available
Linguist

Linguistic meaning is related to language or Linguistics which is the study of languages. A career as a linguistic meaning, a profession that is based on the scientific study of language, and it's a very broad field with many specialities. Famous linguists work in academia, researching and teaching different areas of language, such as phonetics (sounds), syntax (word order) and semantics (meaning). 

Other researchers focus on specialities like computational linguistics, which seeks to better match human and computer language capacities, or applied linguistics, which is concerned with improving language education. Still, others work as language experts for the government, advertising companies, dictionary publishers and various other private enterprises. Some might work from home as freelance linguists. Philologist, phonologist, and dialectician are some of Linguist synonym. Linguists can study French, German, Italian

2 Jobs Available
Public Relation Executive
2 Jobs Available
Travel Journalist

The career of a travel journalist is full of passion, excitement and responsibility. Journalism as a career could be challenging at times, but if you're someone who has been genuinely enthusiastic about all this, then it is the best decision for you. Travel journalism jobs are all about insightful, artfully written, informative narratives designed to cover the travel industry. Travel Journalist is someone who explores, gathers and presents information as a news article.

2 Jobs Available
Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

5 Jobs Available
QA Manager
4 Jobs Available
Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

3 Jobs Available
Product Manager

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

3 Jobs Available
Production Manager
3 Jobs Available
Merchandiser
2 Jobs Available
QA Lead

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

2 Jobs Available
Metallurgical Engineer

A metallurgical engineer is a professional who studies and produces materials that bring power to our world. He or she extracts metals from ores and rocks and transforms them into alloys, high-purity metals and other materials used in developing infrastructure, transportation and healthcare equipment. 

2 Jobs Available
Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

4 Jobs Available
AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

4 Jobs Available
QA Manager
4 Jobs Available
Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

3 Jobs Available
ITSM Manager
3 Jobs Available
Product Manager

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

3 Jobs Available
Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

3 Jobs Available
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